Cattle (Beef and Dairy)Bull | a sexually mature male; bull calf used to denote males under a year of age | Cow | a female that has produced a calf | Heifer | a female hat has not produced a calf | Heiferette | a heifer that has calved once, dried up, and then fed for slaughter | Steer | a castrated male | Calf | a young cattle (less than one year of age) of either sex | Calve | the act of giving birth | Stocker | weaned cattle that are run on grass of fed on high roughage diets; generally weigh 350 to 550lbs when started; expected to gain 250 to 300lbs during the growing phase | Cow-Calf Operation | a management unit that maintains a breeding herd of cows and produces weaned claves for sale | Yearling | a cattle of either sex that is 1 to 2 years of age; some cattlemen refer to short and long yearlings | Crossbred | an animal that is a product of the crossing of two or more breeds | Feeder Cattle | those requiring more grown and/or fattening before slaughter | Feedlot | beef cattle enterprise where cattle are placed in confinement, fed harvested feeds, and fattened for slaughter | Seedstock Producer | enterprise that produces breeding animals for the commercial segment of the industry; the majority of purebreeders fail into this category |
Sheep/GoatsRam | a male that is sexually mature; young males are called ram lambs | Buck | another name for a sexually mature male; also a male goat | Billy | a male goat | Ewe | a sexually mature female sheep; young females are called ewe lambs | Doe/Nanny | a sexually mature female goat | Wether | a castrated male often referred to as "muttons" | Kid | a young goat | Lambing | act of giving birth in sheep | Kidding | act of giving birth in goats | Fleece | the wool of sheep; mohair if from an Angora goat | Flock | a herd or group of sheep or goats | Chevon | meat from goats | Muttons | meat from a sheep over one year of age | Prolificacy | ability to produce multiple offspring |
General TermsAD Libitum | allowing animals to eat all they want at all times | A.I. | abbreviation for artificial insemination | Anestrous Period | time when a female is not in estrus; the non-breeding season | Breed | animals having a common origin and characteristics that distinguish them from other groups within the same species | Calorie | the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water from 15 degrees celsius to 16 degrees celsius | Colostrum | the fist milk given by the female following delivery of her young; contains high levels of antibodies which are absorbed by the young for quick immunity | Compensatory Growth | increased growth rate I response to previous undernourishment | Concentrate | a feed that is high in energy, low in fiber content, and highly digestible | Cull | to eliminate from the breeding population | Dry | refers to a non-lactating female | E.T. | abbreviation for embryo transfer | Estrous | an adjective meaning "heat" that modifies such words as "cycle"; estrous cycle is the heat cycle, or time from one heat period to the next | Estrus | the period of mating activity in the female | Estrus Synchronization | controlling the estrus cycle so that a high percentage of the females in the herd express estrus at the same time | Fertility | the capacity to initiate, sustain, and support reproduction | Fill | the contents of the digestive tract | Gestation Period | term of pregnancy | Haploid | half of normal number of chromosomes, found in sperm and ova | Kilocalorie | 1000 calories | Lactation Period | period that a female produces milk | Libido | sex drive in males | Open | refers to non-pregnant females | Roughage | a feed the is high in fiber, low in digestible nutrients, and low in energy; feeds such as hay, straw, silage, and pasture are examples | T.D.N. | total digestible nutrients; it includes the total amounts of digestible protein; nitorgen-free extract, fiber, and fat (multiplied by 2.25) all summed together; approximates energy content | Weaning | taking a young animal from its dam (mother) |
| | SwineBoar | a male of breeding age; young males are called boar pigs | Sow | a mature female that has produced young | Gilt | an immature female; one refers to gilts who have produced their first little as "first litter gilts" | Barrow | a castrated male | Farrow | act of giving birth | Farrow to finish Operation | a management unit that maintains a sow herd and carries the production through market wieght | Feeder Pig | a weaned pig that is ready to finish for slaughter | Ear Notch | method of permanent identification | Hybrid Breeding Stock | not a purebred, but used as foundation breeding stock in commercial swine production; developed by crossing purebreds of various breeds and then multiplying the hybrid lines |
Horses/DonkeysStallion | sexually mature male | Jack | an intact male donkey | Mare | a sexually mature female horse; a female who has foaled or a female 4 years of age or older | Jenny (Jennet) | a female donkey | Broodmare | a female horse used for breeding purposes | Filly | an immature female horse | Colt | an immature male | Gelding | a castrated male horse | Foal | a young horse of either sex, still nursing | Mule | a species cross resulting from mating a mare to a jack | Hinny | offspring of stallion X Jenny cross | Stud | either a sexually mature male horse or a collection of breeding stallions at the same location | Weaning | weaned horse, either sex, less than 1 year of age |
PoultryPoultry | this term includes chickens, turkeys, gees, pigeons, guineas, and game birds | Hen | sexually mature female | Cock (Rooster) | mature male chicken | Cockerel | young male chicken | Pullet | mature female chicken | Poult | young turkey of either sex | Broiler | a young chicken of either sex (usually 6 to 8 weeks), marked at about 4lbs | Layer | a hen that is kept for egg production | Tom | a male turkey |
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