Cattle (Beef and Dairy)
Bull |
a sexually mature male; bull calf used to denote males under a year of age |
Cow |
a female that has produced a calf |
Heifer |
a female hat has not produced a calf |
Heiferette |
a heifer that has calved once, dried up, and then fed for slaughter |
Steer |
a castrated male |
Calf |
a young cattle (less than one year of age) of either sex |
Calve |
the act of giving birth |
Stocker |
weaned cattle that are run on grass of fed on high roughage diets; generally weigh 350 to 550lbs when started; expected to gain 250 to 300lbs during the growing phase |
Cow-Calf Operation |
a management unit that maintains a breeding herd of cows and produces weaned claves for sale |
Yearling |
a cattle of either sex that is 1 to 2 years of age; some cattlemen refer to short and long yearlings |
Crossbred |
an animal that is a product of the crossing of two or more breeds |
Feeder Cattle |
those requiring more grown and/or fattening before slaughter |
Feedlot |
beef cattle enterprise where cattle are placed in confinement, fed harvested feeds, and fattened for slaughter |
Seedstock Producer |
enterprise that produces breeding animals for the commercial segment of the industry; the majority of purebreeders fail into this category |
Sheep/Goats
Ram |
a male that is sexually mature; young males are called ram lambs |
Buck |
another name for a sexually mature male; also a male goat |
Billy |
a male goat |
Ewe |
a sexually mature female sheep; young females are called ewe lambs |
Doe/Nanny |
a sexually mature female goat |
Wether |
a castrated male often referred to as "muttons" |
Kid |
a young goat |
Lambing |
act of giving birth in sheep |
Kidding |
act of giving birth in goats |
Fleece |
the wool of sheep; mohair if from an Angora goat |
Flock |
a herd or group of sheep or goats |
Chevon |
meat from goats |
Muttons |
meat from a sheep over one year of age |
Prolificacy |
ability to produce multiple offspring |
General Terms
AD Libitum |
allowing animals to eat all they want at all times |
A.I. |
abbreviation for artificial insemination |
Anestrous Period |
time when a female is not in estrus; the non-breeding season |
Breed |
animals having a common origin and characteristics that distinguish them from other groups within the same species |
Calorie |
the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water from 15 degrees celsius to 16 degrees celsius |
Colostrum |
the fist milk given by the female following delivery of her young; contains high levels of antibodies which are absorbed by the young for quick immunity |
Compensatory Growth |
increased growth rate I response to previous undernourishment |
Concentrate |
a feed that is high in energy, low in fiber content, and highly digestible |
Cull |
to eliminate from the breeding population |
Dry |
refers to a non-lactating female |
E.T. |
abbreviation for embryo transfer |
Estrous |
an adjective meaning "heat" that modifies such words as "cycle"; estrous cycle is the heat cycle, or time from one heat period to the next |
Estrus |
the period of mating activity in the female |
Estrus Synchronization |
controlling the estrus cycle so that a high percentage of the females in the herd express estrus at the same time |
Fertility |
the capacity to initiate, sustain, and support reproduction |
Fill |
the contents of the digestive tract |
Gestation Period |
term of pregnancy |
Haploid |
half of normal number of chromosomes, found in sperm and ova |
Kilocalorie |
1000 calories |
Lactation Period |
period that a female produces milk |
Libido |
sex drive in males |
Open |
refers to non-pregnant females |
Roughage |
a feed the is high in fiber, low in digestible nutrients, and low in energy; feeds such as hay, straw, silage, and pasture are examples |
T.D.N. |
total digestible nutrients; it includes the total amounts of digestible protein; nitorgen-free extract, fiber, and fat (multiplied by 2.25) all summed together; approximates energy content |
Weaning |
taking a young animal from its dam (mother) |
|
|
Swine
Boar |
a male of breeding age; young males are called boar pigs |
Sow |
a mature female that has produced young |
Gilt |
an immature female; one refers to gilts who have produced their first little as "first litter gilts" |
Barrow |
a castrated male |
Farrow |
act of giving birth |
Farrow to finish Operation |
a management unit that maintains a sow herd and carries the production through market wieght |
Feeder Pig |
a weaned pig that is ready to finish for slaughter |
Ear Notch |
method of permanent identification |
Hybrid Breeding Stock |
not a purebred, but used as foundation breeding stock in commercial swine production; developed by crossing purebreds of various breeds and then multiplying the hybrid lines |
Horses/Donkeys
Stallion |
sexually mature male |
Jack |
an intact male donkey |
Mare |
a sexually mature female horse; a female who has foaled or a female 4 years of age or older |
Jenny (Jennet) |
a female donkey |
Broodmare |
a female horse used for breeding purposes |
Filly |
an immature female horse |
Colt |
an immature male |
Gelding |
a castrated male horse |
Foal |
a young horse of either sex, still nursing |
Mule |
a species cross resulting from mating a mare to a jack |
Hinny |
offspring of stallion X Jenny cross |
Stud |
either a sexually mature male horse or a collection of breeding stallions at the same location |
Weaning |
weaned horse, either sex, less than 1 year of age |
Poultry
Poultry |
this term includes chickens, turkeys, gees, pigeons, guineas, and game birds |
Hen |
sexually mature female |
Cock (Rooster) |
mature male chicken |
Cockerel |
young male chicken |
Pullet |
mature female chicken |
Poult |
young turkey of either sex |
Broiler |
a young chicken of either sex (usually 6 to 8 weeks), marked at about 4lbs |
Layer |
a hen that is kept for egg production |
Tom |
a male turkey |
|
Created By
Metadata
Comments
No comments yet. Add yours below!
Add a Comment
Related Cheat Sheets