Cheatography
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Bash Commands
uname -a |
Show system and kernel |
head -n1 /etc/issue |
Show distribution |
mount |
Show mounted filesystems |
date |
Show system date |
uptime |
Show uptime |
whoami |
Show your username |
man command |
Show manual for command |
df -h |
Show free space disk |
df |
Size files |
du |
Size files |
Bash Shortcuts
CTRL-z |
Sleep program |
CTRL-a |
Go to start of line |
CTRL-e |
Go to end of line |
CTRL-u |
Cut from start of line |
CTRL-k |
Cut to end of line |
alt-left/right |
Move next work |
!! |
Repeat last command |
!abc |
Run last command starting with abc |
!$ |
Last argument of previous command |
ALT-. |
Last argument of previous command |
!* |
All arguments of previous command |
^abc^123 |
Run previous command, replacing abc with 123 |
Bash Variables
env |
Show environment variables |
echo $NAME |
Output value of $NAME variable |
export NAME=value |
Set $NAME to value |
$PATH |
Executable search path |
$HOME |
Home directory |
$SHELL |
Current shell |
IO Redirection
cmd < file |
Input of cmd from file |
cmd1 <(cmd2) |
Output of cmd2 as file input to cmd1 |
cmd > file |
Standard output (stdout) of cmd to file |
cmd > /dev/null |
Discard stdout of cmd |
cmd >> file |
Append stdout to file |
cmd 2> file |
Error output (stderr) of cmd to file |
cmd 1>&2 |
stdout to same place as stderr |
cmd 2>&1 |
stderr to same place as stdout |
cmd &> file |
Every output of cmd to file |
Pipes
cmd1 | cmd2 |
stdout of cmd1 to cmd2 |
cmd1 |& cmd2 |
stderr of cmd1 to cmd2 |
Command Lists
cmd1 ; cmd2 |
Run cmd1 then cmd2 |
cmd1 && cmd2 |
Run cmd2 if cmd1 is successful |
cmd1 || cmd2 |
Run cmd2 if cmd1 is not successful |
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ls Options
-a |
Show all (including hidden) |
-R |
Recursive list |
-r |
Reverse order |
-t |
Sort by last modified |
-S |
Sort by file size |
-l |
Long listing format |
-1 |
One file per line |
-m |
Comma-separated output |
-Q |
Quoted output |
Search Files
grep pattern files |
Search for pattern in files |
grep -i |
Case insensitive search |
grep -r |
Recursive search |
grep -v |
Inverted search |
grep -o |
Show matched part of file only |
find /dir/ -name name* |
Find files starting with name in dir |
find /dir/ -user name |
Find files owned by name in dir |
find /dir/ -mmin num |
Find files modifed less than num minutes ago in dir |
whereis command |
Find binary / source / manual for command |
locate file |
Find file (quick search of system index) |
File Operations
touch file1 |
Create file1 |
cat file1 file2 |
Concatenate files and output |
less file1 |
View and paginate file1 |
file file1 |
Get type of file1 |
head file1 |
Show first 10 lines of file1 |
tail file1 |
Show last 10 lines of file1 |
tail -F file1 |
Output last lines of file1 as it changes |
Watch a Command
watch -n 5 'nt -p' |
Issue the 'ntpq -p' command every 5 seconds and display output |
Process Management
ps |
Show snapshot of processes |
top |
Show real time processes |
kill pid |
Kill process with id pid |
pkill name |
Kill process with name name |
killall name |
Kill all processes with names beginning name |
File Permissions
chmod 775 file |
Change mode of file to 775 |
chmod -R 600 folder |
Recursively chmod folder to 600 |
chown user:group file |
Change file owner to user and group to group |
First digit is owner permission, second is group and third is everyone. |
4 |
read (r) |
2 |
write (w) |
1 |
execute (x) |
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Tar Command Examples
tar -cvf a.tar /dir |
Create a tar archive called a.tar for dir |
tar cvzf a.tar.gz /dir |
gzip compressed archive |
tar -xvf Archive.tar.gz |
Uncompress |
v |
show the progress of archive file |
c |
create a archive file. |
x |
extract a archive file. |
f |
filename of archive file |
t |
viewing content of archive file. |
j |
filter archive through bzip2. |
z |
filter archive through gzip |
r |
append or update files |
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