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PSYCHOLOGY |
PSYCHOLOGY |
Hindbrain |
portion of brain controls balance, motor coordination, breathing, digestion, and general arousal processes |
medulla oblongota, pons, reticular formation, cerebellum |
Cerebral cortex |
outermost layer of cerebrum |
complex prerceptual, behavioral, and cognitive processes |
Hypothalamus |
portion of forebrain |
controls homeostatic and endocrine functions by conrolling the releases of pituitary hormones |
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Narcolepsy |
involuntary onset of sleep |
cataplexy & hypnogogic and hypnopompic hallucinations |
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Appendicular skeleton |
Divided Attention |
ability to attend to multiple stimuli simultaneously |
ability to perform mltiple tasks at the same time |
Learning (Behaviorist) Theory |
attitude are developed through forms of learning (direct contact, direct interaction, direct instruction and conditioning) |
Attachment |
very deep emotional bond to another |
parent, caregiver... |
Fixation |
In Freudian psychonalysis, result of overindulgence or frustration during psychosexual stage; casues a neurotic ptrn of prsnlty based in that stage |
Zone of Proximal Development |
skills which a child has not yet mastered but can accomplish witht hte help of a more knowledgable other |
Critical Period |
time during development exposure to lang essential for later development of effective use of lang |
two years - puberty |
Spacing Effect |
phenomenon |
retaining larger amts of info when amt of time b/t sessions of relearning is increased |
Intuition |
Perceptions abt situation may/may not be supprtd by availbl evidence but perceieved as useful info to make a decision |
Availability Heuristic |
decision-making |
releis on info most readily available, rather than total body of info on subject |
Classical Conditioning |
Stimulus |
energy pattern that sensed by body |
includes visual, auditory, and physical sensations... |
Acquisition |
In classical conditioning process of taking advantage of reflexive responses to turn a neutral stimulus into a conditioned stimulus |
Habituation |
response caused by repeated stimulus exposure |
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Aggression |
behavior w/ intention to cause harm or increase relative social dominance |
can be verbal or physical |
Response Bias |
tendency to systematically respond to a stimulus in a particular way due to nonsensory factors |
Personality DisordersD |
Disorders that ivolve pttrns of behaviors that are inflexible & maladaptive, causing distress or impaired funct in at least 2: cognition, emotion, interpersonal functing, impulse ctrl |
Rationalization |
defense mech individuals explain undesirable bhvrs that is self-justifying and socailly unacceptable* |
Recognition-Primed Decision Model |
decision-making model experience & recognition of similar sitations already experiencesd play a large role in decision making and actions |
one of the explanation of "intuition" |
Rapid Eye Movment (REM) Sleep |
Sleep stage - eyes move back and forth rapidly |
physiological arousal - more like awake than sleep |
dreaming occurs this stage |
Broca's Area |
brain region - inferior frontal gyrus of frontal lobe (usually left hemisphere*) |
motor function of speech |
Damage here causes: Broca's Asphasia - loss of motor function of speech
iability to produce spoken lang w/ intact understanding |
Projection area |
portion of cerebral cortex anazlyzes sensory inpur* |
Serial Position Effect |
tendency to better rmmbr items at begining or end of a list |
primary effect
recency effect |
Limbic System |
porition of cerebrum associated w/ emotion and memory |
includes amygdala (emotional amy) and
hippocampus (you'd remember a hippo walking acorss campus) |
Cognitive Dissonance |
simultaneous presence of two opposing thoughts/opinions |
Observational Learning |
form of learning behavior is modifiied as a result of watching others |
Circular Reaction |
repetetive action acheves a desired response |
seen: Piagetls sensorimotor stage |
Avoidance |
negative reinforcment |
echew unpleasantness of something yet to happen |
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SOCIOLOGY |
SOCIOLOGY |
Dramaturgical approach |
Impression management theory |
world=stage
individuals =actors performing |
to audience |
Social Constructionism |
theoretical approach |
uncovers ways which individuals and groups participate in formation of their perceived social reality |
Symbolic interactionsim |
theoretical framework |
studies ways individuals interact through a shared understanding through shared understanding of words, gestures and other symbols |
Ethnocentrism |
making judgments abt other cultures based on values/beliefs of one's own culture |
Symbolic Ethnicity |
ethnic ID only relevant on special occasions or specific circumstances and does not impact everyday life |
Master Status |
A status a person is most IDed |
Social Mobility |
movement of individuals in the social hierarchy |
through changes in income, education, or occupation |
Just-World Hypothesis |
cognitive bias that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people |
Prevalence |
#cases of disease / population in givn period of time |
usu: cases per 1000 people per year |
Theory of Mind |
ability to sense how another's mind works |
