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Cheatography

neuro tx approaches Cheat Sheet (DRAFT) by

ndt, pnf, rood, brunnstrom

This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.

NDT

Reflex­-In­hib­iting Patterns
Patterns of movement that inhibit abnormal muscle tone or reflexes. -initiated at key points on the body to inhibit the abnormal muscle pattern of the more distal body part. -controls muscle tone distri­bution -pattern is applied to the proximal end of the body part to allow voluntary movement in the distal part.
handling
The technique used to move a patient through reflex­-in­hib­iting patterns and facili­tation of righting and equili­brium reactions. -used to influence postural tone and inhibit abnormal patterns. -regulates coordi­nation of agonists, antago­nists, and synerg­ists. -facil­itates normal automatic responses -completed passively at first and then gradually withdrawn as the patient gains the ability to move in normal patterns. -const­antly changes to inhibit undesired responses and facilitate desired responses during activity.
inhibition of primitive reflexes and abnormal postural and limb movements
develo­pment of normal patterns of posture and movement
improv­ement of the quality of movement and perfor­mance of the involved side
postural reactions are considered the basis for the control of movement
these reactions include righting, equili­brium, protective responses
loss of postural control results in overuse of the sound side and limits functional movements
Sensory Stimul­ation
Sensory stimul­ation techniques are used to facilitate muscle activity when hypotonic muscles are observed. -always done when the patient is in a reflex­-in­hib­iting pattern. -stopped if the response is abnormal or results in hypera­ctive tone. -three types of sensory stimul­ation 1. Weight bearing – pressure and resistance are used to increase muscle tone and decrease involu­ntary movements. 2. Placing and Holding – the patient’s limb is moved to various positions with assistance from the therapist, and then the patient is instructed to hold each position. 3. Tapping – manual muscle facili­tation through one of four techni­ques: a. joint compre­ssion to increase tone and maintain posture b. inhibitory tapping by releasing the body part and catching it after a very short fall to stimulate stretch reflexes c. alternate tapping by very lightly pushing the patient to and from mid position d. sweep tapping where the therapist sweeps a hand over the desired muscles in the desired direction of movement to activate synergic patterns
 

PNF

techniques are superi­mposed on patterns of movement (diago­nals) and posture, focusing on sensory stimul­ation from manual contacts, visual cues, verbal commands
D1 flexion
-shoulder flexes, adducts and externally rotates -elbow flexes­/ex­tends -forearm supinates -wrist flexes toward radial side -fingers flex and adduct -thumb flexes and adducts
d2 extension
-shoulder extends, abducts and internally rotates -elbow extends -forearm pronates -wrist extends toward ulnar side -fingers extend and abduct -thumb extends and abducts
d2 flexion
-shoulder flexes, abducts and externally rotates -elbow extends -forearm supinates -wrist extends -fingers extend and abduct -thumb extends and adducts
d2 extension
-shoulder extends, adducts and internally rotates -elbow flexes -forearm pronates -wrist flexes toward ulnar side -fingers flex and adduct -thumb opposes

brunnstrom

Basis – Synergies and reflexes that are a normal part of early develo­pment should be included as a part of the sequence of return of motor function in hemipl­egia.
STNR
When the head and neck are flexed forward, the upper extrem­ities flex and the lower extrem­ities extend. When the head and neck are lifted, the upper extrem­ities extend and the lower extrem­ities flex.
ATNR
When the head is rotated to one side, the upper and lower extrem­ities to the front of the head extend, while the upper and lower extrem­ities to the back of the head flex.

rood

4 components
1. Normal­ization of tone and facili­tation of desired muscle responses is acquired through the use of approp­riate sensory stimuli. 2. Sensor­imotor control is develo­pme­ntally based and must occur sequen­tially. 3. Movement is purpos­eful. Activities are used to create a purposeful response in the patient and elicit the correct movement pattern. 4. Repetition is necessary to establish sensor­imotor responses.
reciprocal inhibi­tio­n/i­nne­rvation
an early mobility pattern that is primarily a reflex governed by spinal and supras­pinal centers
 

rood

4 components
1. Normal­ization of tone and facili­tation of desired muscle responses is acquired through the use of approp­riate sensory stimuli. 2. Sensor­imotor control is develo­pme­ntally based and must occur sequen­tially. 3. Movement is purpos­eful. Activities are used to create a purposeful response in the patient and elicit the correct movement pattern. 4. Repetition is necessary to establish sensor­imotor responses.
reciprocal inhibi­tio­n/i­nne­rvation
an early mobility pattern that is primarily a reflex governed by spinal and supras­pinal centers
co-con­tra­ction
defined as a simult­aneous contra­ction of the agonist and antagonist that provides stability in a static pattern
heavy work - distal stability = proximal mobility
mobility is superi­mposed on stability
skill
considered the highest level of control and combines stability and mobility

rood

4 components
1. Normal­ization of tone and facili­tation of desired muscle responses is acquired through the use of approp­riate sensory stimuli. 2. Sensor­imotor control is develo­pme­ntally based and must occur sequen­tially. 3. Movement is purpos­eful. Activities are used to create a purposeful response in the patient and elicit the correct movement pattern. 4. Repetition is necessary to establish sensor­imotor responses.
reciprocal inhibi­tio­n/i­nne­rvation
an early mobility pattern that is primarily a reflex governed by spinal and supras­pinal centers