Cases
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Use |
Example |
Nom. |
Subject |
The dog eats meat.
Can the dog bark? |
Acc. |
Direct Object |
I love the dog.
Did she see the dog? |
Dat. |
Indirect Object |
He gave the dog a toy.
Did you give the dog its food? |
Gen. |
Possessive |
The dog's bed is there.
Is that the dog's owner? |
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Expressing Likes
mögen |
lit. to like |
usage |
expresses feelings |
sentence |
1. subj + MÖGEN + direct obj
2. subj + MÖGEN + clause |
note |
modal verb - can take infinitive verb as direct object |
gern |
lit. gladly; with pleasure (adverb) |
usage |
liking for an activity |
sentence |
1. subj + verb + GERN + direct obj
2. subj + hab- + person + GERN (only works in the context of someone liking someone else) |
note |
no conjugation |
gefallen |
lit. to appeal to |
usage |
shows quick judgement, esp. in seeing and hearing |
sentence |
1. subj + GEFALLEN + indirect obj
2. indirect obj + GEFALLEN + subj |
note |
indirect object: noun doing the liking
subject: noun being liked |
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Prepositions
Acc. |
bis, durch, für, gegen, ohne, um, hindurch, pro, entlang |
Dat. |
aus, außer, bei, mit, nach, seit, von, zu, gegenüber |
Two Way |
an, auf, über, unter, hinter, vor, neben, zwischen |
Gen. |
statt/anstatt, trotz, während. wegen, innerhalb, außerhalb, diesseits, jenseits |
Two-Way Prepositions
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Why is it called two-way? Both accusative and dative cases are used
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Are both cases interchangeable? No, context determines which one
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Context 1: No movement Dative case
Ex: Ich bin in einem Haus
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Context 2: Movement within a place Dative case
Ex: Ich laufe in einem Wald
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Context 3: Movement from one place to another Accusative case
Ex: Ich gehe in ein Haus
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