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Cheatography

Polymers 0620 Chemistry Cheat Sheet (DRAFT) by

igcse chemistry polymers

This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.

Defina­tions

• Polymers are large molecules formed by the linking up of many small molecules
• Monomers are small molecules that link up to form a polymer
• Polyme­riz­ation is the reaction where many monomers link up to form a polymer
• There are two types of polymers
→ Addition Polymers
→ Conden­sation Polymers

Addition Polymers

• Formed by addition reaction in which many small molecules are added to each other to form a large molecule, without the formation of bi-pro­ducts
• Takes place only in compounds containing carbon to carbon double bond
→ Cut off one part of double bond
→ Check what is around double bond
→ They will be place above and below the two carbons
→ Only take place on double bond
• Unsatu­rated monomers for saturated polymers
• Mainly plastics
→ Polyethene
→ Polypr­opene
→ Polych­olo­roe­thene
→ Polyte­tra­flo­roe­thene
→ Polyph­eny­lethene

Conden­sation polymers

• Polymers formed by conden­sation reaction in which water is formed as bi-pro­ducts
• It can be made by same or different monomers
• It has two classes
→ Synthetic polymers
→ Natural polymers

Synthetic Polymers

Nylon (Common name)
• Made with Dioic acid and Diamine
→ Dioic loses both OH
→ Diamine loses both H
• Amide linkage (C—N)
• Other name Poly Amide
• Used to make clothes, rope, tires etc
Terylene (Common name)
• Made with Dioic acid and Diol
→ Dioic loses both OH
→ Diol loses both H
• Ester linkage (C—^double bond O—O—R)
• Used to make cushions, mattresses etc

Natural Polymers

Carboh­ydrates
• Monosa­cch­arides (monomers)
→ Glucose - simple sugars
• Disacc­harides (dimers)
→ Maltose
→ Sucrose
• Polysa­cch­arides (polymers)
→ Starch
→ Glycogen
→ Cellulose
• Glucose (loses both OH) condenses to make starch and water
• Glucosidic bond/l­inkage (box—O­—box)
Proteins
• Amino acids (monomer)
• Polype­ptide (polymer)
→ Protein
• Two amino acids (both lose H and OH) condense to make protein (poly peptid­e/a­mid­e)and water
• Amide linkag­e/P­eptide linkage (N—box—C)
Fats
• Macrom­ole­cules but not polymers
• Made by reaction of one glycerol and three fatty acids
• Glycerol loses H and Fatty acids loses OH
• Ester linkage (O—C—zig zag)
+ Protein chain continues as (N—box­—C—­N—C­olB­ox—C)