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Pharm - DM Drugs Cheat Sheet (DRAFT) by

DM 1: autoimmune response, kills Beta cells of pancreas; KETOacidosis results from beta-oxidation of lipids = decreased plasma pH; INTINSIVE monitoring with frequent dosing of insulin DM 2: pancreas produces insulin, but target cells can't respond properly to the insulin signal Common: hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, neuropathy, damage to blood vessels - especially KIDNEYS, BRAIN, RETINA, and LOWER EXTREMETIES.

This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.

metformin (Gluco­phage)

 
Class/Use
MOA
Indica­tions
Nursing Implem­ent­ations
Adverse Reactions
Contra­ind­ica­tions
Benefits
 
antidi­abe­tic­/hy­pog­lyc­emics
DECREASES hepatic glucose production (gluco­neo­gen­esis) and REDUCES insulin resistance
DM II manage­ment, alone or in combo. LOWERS serum glucose by inhibiting HEPATIC glucose production and increasing peripheral tissue to insulin.
Drug-t­o-drug intera­ctions; ER should be taken with evening meal; Caution with RENAL, LIVER, or HEART disease; can cause B12 defici­ency. Monitor for false-­pos­itive for urinary ketones; PT/Med education; med causes decreased b12 absorp­tion; Garlic can increase hypOgl­ycemic effects; hemodi­alysis can corrrect lactic acidosis and remove access metfomin
LACTIC ACIDOSIS GI: N/v, diarrhea, metallic taste, anorexia. Other: headache, dizziness, agitation, fatigue CAUTION with patients who experi­ence: anemia, diarrhea, vomiting, dehydr­ation, fever, gastro­par­esis, GI obstru­ction, hypert­hyroid, pituitary insuff­ici­ency, trauma, pregnancy, lactation, and elderly.
CKD due to toxic levels; HF, LF, history of lactic acidosis or infection; NO USE 2 days prior to and after IV contrast
No hypogl­ycemia; 10 years and older - OK; lowers trigly­ceride and total and low-de­nsity (LDL) levels and promotes weight­loss; OFF-label: polycystic ovary syndrom

metformin (Gluco­phage) (copy)

 
Class/Use
MOA
Indica­tions
Nursing Implem­ent­ations
Adverse Reactions
Contra­ind­ica­tions
Benefits
 
antidi­abe­tic­/hy­pog­lyc­emics
DECREASES hepatic glucose production (gluco­neo­gen­esis) and REDUCES insulin resistance
DM II manage­ment, alone or in combo
Monitor for false-­pos­itive for urinary ketones; PT/Med education; med causes decreased b12 absorp­tion; Garlic can increase hypOgl­ycemic effects; hemodi­alysis can corrrect lactic acidosis and remove access metfomin
LACTIC ACIDOSIS GI: N/v, diarrhea, metallic taste, anorexia. Other: headache, dizziness, agitation, fatigue CAUTION with patients who experi­ence: anemia, diarrhea, vomiting, dehydr­ation, fever, gastro­par­esis, GI obstru­ction, hypert­hyroid, pituitary insuff­ici­ency, trauma, pregnancy, lactation, and elderly.
CKD due to toxic levels; HF, LF, history of lactic acidosis or infection; NO USE 2 days prior to and after IV contrast
No hypogl­ycemia; 10 years and older - OK; lowers trigly­ceride and total and low-de­nsity (LDL) levels and promotes weight­loss; OFF-label: polycystic ovary syndrom

DM Drug Types

Oral Hypogl­ycemics
Injectable Drugs
1. Biguanides - metformin
1. Rapid-­acting insulin: lispro, aspart, glulisine
 
2. Short-­acting insulin: (Regular)
 
3. Interm­ediate insulin: (NPH)
 
4. Long-a­cting insulin: glargine
 
5. Incretin Agents: exenatide, liragl­utide, and dulagl­utide