This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.
System Commands
uname -a |
Show system and kernel |
head -n1 /etc/issue |
Show distribution |
whoami |
Show your username |
man command |
Show manual for command |
date |
Show system date |
date --utc |
Show system date in UTC |
Magic Keys
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CTRL-ALT-BKSP Restart X display if frozen
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ALT-SysRq+R+S+E+I+U+B Restart Ubuntu safely when it is frozen
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ALT-SysRq+R+S+E+I+U+O Safely shutting down Ubuntu when it is frozen
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The minus in between keys indicates they should be held down together. The plus indicates that the keys should be pressed in sequence. If keys are in bold then they should be held down during the entire sequence. More information.
Other useful commands
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watch -n 5 'ntpq -p' Issue the 'ntpq -p' command every 5 seconds and display output
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Package Management
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apt-get update Refresh available updates.
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apt-get upgrade Upgrade all packages.
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apt-get install pkg Install pkg.
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apt-get purge pkg Uninstall pkg.
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apt-get autoremove Remove obsolete packages.
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apt-get -f install Try to fix broken packages.
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dpkg -i pkg.deb Install pkg from a deb file.
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apt-get build-dep pkg Install dependencies for pkg so that it can be built from source.
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apt-get -y cmd Automatic yes response to prompts.
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These commands should be run with sudo.
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File Operations
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touch file1 Create file1
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cat file1 file2 Concatenate files and output
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less file1 View and paginate file1
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ln -s /path/to/src /path/to/dst Create symbolic link at dst to src
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cp file1 file2 Copy file1 to file2
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mv file1 file2 Move file1 to file2
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rm file1 Delete file1
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head file1 Show first 10 lines of file1
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tail file1 Show last 10 lines of file1
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tail -f file1 Output last lines of file1 as it changes
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wc file1 Display the number of lines in file1
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file file1 Get type of file1
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File Compression
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tar -czvf file1.tgz file1 Tar and gzip file1
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tar -xvzf file1.tgz Decompress a file that was tared and gzipped
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Remove the z flag if the file is tarred without being gzipped
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Directory Operations
pwd |
Show current directory |
mkdir dir |
Make directory dir |
cd dir |
Change directory to dir |
cd .. |
Go up a directory |
cd - |
Go to previous directory |
ls |
List files |
rm -r dir |
Delete dir recursivly |
ls Options
-a |
Show all (including hidden) |
-l |
Long listing format |
-R |
Recursive list |
-t |
Sort by last modified |
-S |
Sort by file size |
-h |
Human readable file sizes (use with -l) |
Bash Shortcuts
CTRL-c |
Stop current command |
CTRL-a |
Go to start of line |
CTRL-e |
Go to end of line |
CTRL-r |
Search history |
CTRL-z |
Sleep program |
bg |
Send running process into the background |
fg |
Foreground a backgrounded process |
!! |
Repeat last command |
!abc |
Run last command starting with abc |
^abc^123 |
Run previous command, replacing abc with 123 |
SSH Options
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-D1080 Dynamic port forwarding via SOCKS on port 1080
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-o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null Use an empty known hosts file
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-o StrictHostKeyChecking=no No strict host key checking
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-X Enable X11forwarding
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