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Cheatography

Electron Config­uration

Valance electrons
Number of electrons in outermost shell.
shell -> subshells -> orbitals
shell
K, L, M, N
n=1, 2, ...
subshell
s, p, d, f, g
1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, ...
orbital
s, p
x
, p
y
, p
z
1s, 2s, 2p
x
, 2p
y
, 2p
z
Element is classified as s, p, d and f block element
depending on the orbital filled by the last electron.

Quanti­tative Reasoning

Mole (Avaga­dro's constant)
It is a unit for telling the count, just like dozen.
1 mole = 6.02 x 1023 units
Standard Temper­ature and Pressure (STP)
Avagadro's Hypothesis
Volume occupied by 1 mole of ideal gas at STP is 22.41 litres
Mass of neutron
1.0087 u
Mass of proton
1.0073 u
Mass of electron
0.00055 u

Periodic Table Groups

Group 1
Alkali Metals
Valency +1
~ium
Group 2
Alkali Earth Metals
Valency +2
~ium
Group 17
Halogens
Valency -1
~ine
Group 18
Inert (Nobel) Gases
Valency 0
~on
Diatomic nonmetals
H, Halogens, C, and O
s-block
Group 1, 2
p-block
Group 13 to 18
d-block
Group 3 to 12
 

Group 1 (Alkali Metals): +1

Hydrogen (Excep­tion: Non-metal)
H
1 (atomic number)
1x=1 u or amu
Lithium
Li
3
2x+1=7
Sodium
Na
3+8=11
2x+1=23
Potassium
K
11+8=19
2x+1=39
Rubidium
Rb
19+18=37
2x+11=85
Caesium
Cs
37+18=55
2x+23=133
Francium
Fr
55+32=87
2x+49=223

Group 2 (Alkali Earth Metals): +2

Beryllium
Be
4
Magnesium
Mg
4+8=12
Calcium
Ca
12+8=20
Strontium
Sr
20+18=38
Barium
Ba
38+18=56
Radium
Ra
56+32=88

Shell, Subshell and Orbital

Electron Config­uration - Filling Shells

Energy levels of Orbitals

 

Group 17 (Halog­ens): -1

Fluorine
F
9
Chlorine
Cl
9+8=17
Bromine
Br
17+18=35
Iodine
I
35+18=53
Astatine (Excep­tion: Metalloid)
At
53+32=85
Ununse­ptium (Artif­icial Element)
Uus
85+32=117

Group 18 (Inert or Noble Gases): 0

Helium
He
2
Neon
Ne
2+8=10
Argon
Ar
10+8=18
Krypton
Kr
18+18=36
Xeon
Xe
36+18=54
Radon
Rn
54+32=86
Ununoctium
UUo
86+32=118
 

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