This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.
Scientific Method
Vocab |
Definition |
Problem |
a method of research in which a problem is identified, relevant data are gathered, a hypothesis is formulated from these data, and the hypothesis is empirically tested. |
Hypothesis |
the initial building block in the scientific method. Also known as an "educated guess." |
Procedure |
The step by step method to preforming the experiment. |
Independent Variable |
the variable that is changed or controlled in a scientific experiment. |
Dependent Variable |
the variable being tested in a scientific experiment |
Constant |
The unchanged aspect of an experiment. |
Control |
A group that is used for comparison. |
Data |
the information gained from observing and testing an experiment. |
Analyze |
The process of discovery in an experiment. |
Conclusion |
summarize how your results support or contradict your original hypothesis. |
Quantitative/Qualitative |
The mathematical part of the experiment. |
Earth History
Unconformity |
They are surfaces of contact between older rocks and younger sedimentary rocks, formed due to erosion or lack of sediment deposition over extended periods of time |
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Hydrology-Freshwater
Hydrosphere |
all the waters on the earth's surface, such as lakes and seas, and sometimes including water over the earth's surface, such as clouds. |
Aeration |
aeration occurs when the air and water mix or come into close contact. |
Coagulation |
the action or process of a liquid, especially blood, changing to a solid or semi-solid state. |
Chlorination |
the process of adding chlorine or chlorine compounds such as sodium hypochlorite to water. |
Desalination |
the process of removing salt from seawater. |
Watershed (River Basin) |
an area or ridge of land that separates waters flowing to different rivers, basins, or seas. |
EPA |
Environmental Protection Agency |
Hydrology-Oceans
Cyanobacteria |
are a phylum of bacteria that obtain their energy through photosynthesis and are the only photosynthetic prokaryotes able to produce oxygen |
Upwelling |
a process in which deep, cold water rises toward the surface |
Tide |
the alternate rising and falling of the sea, |
Wave Frequency |
he number of waves that passes a given point per second. |
Continental Shelf |
The part of the edge of a continent between the shoreline |
Wavelength |
the distance between two peaks of a wave. |
Coriolis Effect |
an effect whereby a mass moving in a rotating system experiences a force. |
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Evolution
Phenotype |
the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment. |
Cenozoic |
The most recent era of geologic time, from about 65 million years ago to the present |
Mesozoic |
the time during which the world fauna changed drastically from that which had been seen in the Paleozoic |
Paleozoic |
Era lasted from 544 to 245 million years ago, and is divided into six periods |
Precambrian |
about 4.6 billion years ago |
Homologous |
different species with common ancestors |
Vestigial Organs |
structures that function normally in other species |
Energy Resources
Fracking |
is a drilling technology that is used to extract oils |
Infectious Diseases
Eukaryote |
includes all organisms except bacteria |
Prokaryote |
an organism who's cells don't have a nucleus |
Binary Fission |
when a single cell divides into a identical copies of itself |
Spores |
a cell that certain plants produce |
Pathogens |
is a bacteria that can cause a disease |
Chemistry
Valence Eletrons |
an outer shell electron |
Catalyst |
a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction |
Inhibitor |
a substance that decreases the chemical reaction |
Metalloids |
shows some properties of metals and nonmetals |
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