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Empowerment Technology Q1 Cheat Sheet (DRAFT) by

Empowerment Technology is a subject in the Senior High School in the Philippines. This cheatsheet is for students undertaking this subject to assist them in having a summarized paper of the subject.

This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.

Defi­nition of Terms

Inform­ation and Commun­ication Technology (ICT)
deals with the use of different commun­ication techno­logies such as mobile phones, telephone, Internet, etc. to locate, save, send and edit inform­ation
Internet
a globally connected network system facili­tating worldwide commun­ication and access to data resources through a vast collection of private, public, business, academic and government networks.
World Wide Web
is one of the services commun­icated over the internet by functi­oning as a wide-area hypermedia inform­ation retrieval initiative aiming to give universal access to a large universe of documents.

Current State of ICT

1. Convergent Techno­logies
This is when multiple different devices combine into a single gadget because of techno­logical advanc­ement. One example of this is smartp­hone, where it is capable of doing the functions of a televi­sion, radio, computer, telephone, camera and GPS as a single device.
2. Social Media
These are software, applic­ations or platforms that allow users to commun­icate in an online social commun­ities or network. Social media allows people to commun­icate faster through a larger number of people.
3. Mobile Techno­logies
- This is a term for devices that are easily carried and allows fast means of commun­ica­tion. These devices from the past were originally big and bulk, but due to the techno­logical advanc­ement, they become smaller and more compact.

World Wide Web (W3)

Web 1.0
is the original incarn­ation of the Internet as a place where most data was read-only therefore dubbed as static web page.
Web 2.0
the read/write web or the dynamic web pages, where web fields and forms have allowed users to partic­ipate in transa­ctions, upload resources or post their own sugges­tions in active conver­sation
Web 3.0
the posited future Internet called the semantic web, where Internet data will have evolved relati­ons­hips, and mapping will help automate a lot of what we now do on the Internet manually. The semantic web, proponents suggest, will be a web that is in many ways automated by linking individual virtual objects and websites together in a seamless manner

Computer Laboratory Rules and Regula­tions

Don'ts inside the Computer Lab
1. Do not eat or drink inside the laboratory
2. Avoid stepping on electric wires or any other computer cables.
3. Do not insert metal objects into the computer casings.
4. Do not remove anything from the computer laboratory without permis­sion.
5. Do not touch, connect, or disconnect any plug or cable without permis­sion.
6. Do not touch any circuit boards and power sockets when something is connected to them or switched on.
7. Do not open an external device without scanning them for computer viruses.
8. Do not change the icons on the computer screen.
9. Do not switch the keyboard letters around.
10. Do not go to programs you don't know of.
11. Do not install any other programs unless told.
12. Do not unplug anything unless the computer has properly shut down.
13. Do not copy the work of other students.
14. Do not attempt to repair, open, tamper, or interfere with anything inside the lab.
15. Do not plug any other devices.
Do's inside the Computer Lab
1. Turn off the machine when you are no longer using it.
2. Report any broken plugs or exposed electrical wires to the teacher immidi­ately.
3. Always SAVE your progress.
4. Always maintain an extra copy of all you data files.
5. Make sure your external devices are MALWARE FREE.
6. Feel free to ask for assist­ance.
7. Behave properly and clean up after yourself.
8. Keep the computer laboratory clean.

Ten Rules of Internet Etiquette

Netiquette is an abbrev­iation of Internet etiquette or network etiquette. It is guidelines for courteous commun­ication in the online enviro­nment.
Rule 1: Remember the Human
You need to remember that you are talking to a real person when you are online. The internet brings people together who would otherwise never meeet. Remember this saying when commun­icating online: Would I say this to the person's face?
Ruler 2: Adhere to the same standards online that you would follow in real life
You need to behave the same way online that you do in real life. You need to remember that you can get caught doing things you should not be doing online just like you can in real life. You are still talking to a real person with feelings even though you can't see them.
Rule 3: Know where you are in cyberspace
Always take a look around when you enter a new domain when surfing the web. Get a sense of what the discussion group is about before you join it.
Rule 4: Respect other people's time and bandwidth
Remember that people have other things to do besides read your messages. You are not the center of their world. Keep your post and emails to a minimum by saying what you want to say. Remember everyone won't answer your questions.
Rule 5: Make yourself look good online
Remember to always check your spelling and grammar before posting. Always know what you are talking about and make sense saying it.
Rule 6: Share expert knowledge
Ask questions online. Share what you know online. Post the answers to your questions online because someone may have the same question you do.
Rule 7: Help keep flame wards under control
Netiquette does not forbid flaming. Netiquette does however forbid people who are flaming to hurt disucssion groups by putting the group down.
Rule 8: Respect other people's privacy
Do not read other people's personal messages without their permis­sion. Going through other people's things coul cost you your job or you could even go to jail. Not respecting other people's privacy is bad netiqu­ette.
Rule 9: Don't abuse your power
Do not take advantage of other people just because you have more knowledge or power than them. Treat others as you would want them to treat you if the roles were reversed.
Rule 10: Be forgiving of other people's mistakes
Do not point out mistakes to people online. Remember that you were once the new kid on the block. You still need to have good manners even though you are online and can not see the person face to face.
 

Online Safety and Security

Type of Inform­ation
  
Risks
First name
  
There is a risk in sharing your first name. Chances are, a hacker may already know plenty of stuff about you even if you only give out your first name. Likewise, you cannot just walk in a room and start introd­ucing yourself to everyone. You do not know whom you can come across with.
Last name
  
If sharing your first name is small risk, having both your first and last is more risky. You will be vulnerable to being searched for using search engines, which include image search. Matching a name with a face is a modus to several cyberc­rimes like identity theft
Middle name
  
Sharing your middle name alone is probably not the most risky of these shared inform­ation, but sharing your full name would be
Current and previous school(s)
  
Most people who steal identities study their subject. They can use this inform­ation for verifi­cation purposes
Your cellphone number
  
Your cellphone number should never be posted over the Internet. The Internet is a public place. It is the same as posting your number on a billboard. You would not want random strangers to text or call you, or worse, pretend that they are someone you lose your password.
The name of your mother and father
  
Risky, yet not as risky as posting their full names, especially your mother’s maiden name. In fact, you may have already encoun­tered many websites that require your mother’s maiden name as answer to a secret question whenever you lose your password.
The name of your siblings
  
Disclosing this is a huge risk. Strangers may pretend or use their identity to dupe you.
Your address
  
Giving the internet your number is one thing; giving them your address is a whole other level. It would be much easier for criminal to find you.
Your home phone number
  
This shared inform­ation is more risky than sharing your personal phone number. Scams usually use this inform­ation to deceive you, one of which is when a stranger pretends to know your parents or pretend to be you.
Your birthday
  
Letting people know your birthday is probably a must if you want to get as many gifts as possible. But having it in your profile makes you vulnerable to identity theft.

Internet Threats

Web-based threats, or online threats, are a category of cybers­ecurity risks that may cause an undesi­rable event or action via the internet. Web threats are made possible by end-user vulner­abi­lities, web service develo­per­s/o­per­ators, or web services themse­lves. Regardless of intent or cause, the conseq­uences of a web threat may damage both indivi­duals and organi­zat­ions.
1. Malware
catch-all term for any type of malicious software designed to harm or exploit any progra­mmable device, service or network.
A. Virus
a malicious program designed to replicate itself and transfer from one computer to another (internet, local networks, FDs, CDs, etc.)
B. Worm
a malicious program that transfers from one computer to another by any types of means. Scripts that run, replicate, and spread autono­mously without the help of a related program. Ex. ILOVEYOU Worm
C. Trojan
malicious program that disguises as useful program but once downloaded or installed, leaves your PC unprot­ected and allows hackers to get your inform­ation.
D. Spyware
tracking programs that runs in the background without you knowing it. It has the ability to monitor what you are currently doing and typing through keylog­ging.
E. Adware
a program designed to send you advert­ise­ments, mostly as pop-ups.
2. SPAM
an unwanted email mostly from bots or advert­isers. It can be used to send malware.
3. Phishing
an unwanted acquis­ition of sensitive personal inform­ation like passwords and credit card details.
4. Botnet
Hijacking a user device for remote, automated use in a network of similar “zombies.” These are used to accelerate spam campaigns, malware attacks, and more.
5. Denial of Service Attack
disrupts computer access to internet services
6. Cyberc­rim­es/­Exp­loits
A. Cyberb­ullying
mental abuse of victims using online threats and harassment
B. Cyber Libel
Also known as online defama­tion, this can involve attacking indivi­duals or organi­zat­ions' reputa­tions. This can be done through disinf­orm­ation (delib­erate distri­bution of inaccurate inform­ation) or misinf­orm­ation (mistaken distri­bution of inaccurate inform­ation).
8. Spoofing
Masking a real identity to manipulate legitimate computer systems. Examples include IP spoofing, DNS spoofing, and cache poisoning.

Google Searching

Google searches by keyword. Which means if any word you typed into the search box is found anywhere on a web page, the web page will pop up in the results page. the pages are ranked by the top viewed web pages. This means that popular sites are listed first.
A basic search is when you enter a term into the search box without using any tools to narrow the search down. Generally, every word matters, capita­liz­ation and punctu­ation don't matter.
A basic search can have problems, like bringing inform­ation that is irrele­vant, or has nothing to do with what you wanted, incorrect inform­ation, or unreliable inform­ation.
Elements of Adanced searching are called limiters because they limit the range of inform­ation that appears on the results page.

Google Search Operators

Google search operators are special characters and commands sometimes called “advanced operators” or search parameters that extend the capabi­lities of regular text searches.
Syntax
Descri­ption
Example
"­" "­"
used to search for an exact phrase in an exact order with no changes
"­"best news ever""
site:
To look for something within a specific website or class of websites
site:w­iki­ped­ia.org
-
To exclude a term from a search in order to narrow the search by what you DON’T want to find
new -bad
+
Force an exact-­match search on a single word or phrase without any automatic synonym matching
jobs +apple
OR
To allow either one of different words as a result
presid­ential candidates 2008 OR 2004