Cheatography
https://cheatography.com
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This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.
Managed by:
Counter-irrtants |
Rubefacients |
- relieve pain by stimulation of a- & B- nociceptive receptors (Gate control theory) |
- Vascular agents causing vasodilation/redness to cleanse area of any harmful substances and nourish it. |
- Irritant skin to distract from muscle and joint pain |
Rubefacients & counter-irritants
Oil of wintergreen |
Oil of turpentine (longleaf pine) |
Capsaicin |
Phenolic glycoside (gaultherin)--> enzymatic hydrolysis (maceration or steam distillation)---> methyl salicylate |
From oleoresin distillation |
Pungent oleoresin. |
Mainly as ointment or liniment for rheumatism, sprains |
Contains monoterpenes (a- and B- pinene) |
Anti-rheumatic drug as cream or plaster. |
Skin irritant. |
Used externally as rubifacient & counter irritants ointments and liniment, but not for more than 3-4 times daily. (skin irritant) |
Depleates substance P (neuro-peptide pain mediator) |
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Can cause sever airway spasms in asthma. Swallowing causes headache, coughing, lung bleeding, kidney damage due to A.I. pinenes, 3-carene and dipentene. |
SE: Severe irritation/ Burning/ Away from eyes, mucous membrnae or injured skin/ avoid in children, pregnant or breast-feeding. |
Refrigerant herbs
Menthol |
Camphor |
Monoterpene alcohol from mint species. Also prepared synthetically. |
Monoterpene ketone. |
Applied 3-4 times daily in painful areas. |
Has anti-septic/anti-itching activity. |
Produce a strong cooling sensation as counter-irrtitants.
Arthritis herbal treatment
Willow bark |
Turmeric |
Boswellia |
Avocado |
Has phenolic glycoside Salicin---> hydrolyzed to salicyl alcohol---> oxidized to salicylic acid. |
Has yellow-pigment, curcumin. |
Has boswellic acid. |
As fresh fruit or extract/juice. |
Analgesic, anti-pyretic & anti-inflammatory |
Anti-inflammatory action. |
Unique anti-inflammatory action as NSAIDs. Treats chronic-inflammatroy diseases as rheumatoid arthritis specifically and bronchial asthma. |
Specifically for osteoarthritis. |
The naturally-occurring aspirin. |
Rare SE: Stomach upsets/ Allergic reactions |
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MOA: Stimulates collagen synthesis & inhibits collagenase to restore normal cartilage structure. |
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No SE. |
Gout
DOC: Colchicine alkaloid |
Celery fruits |
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Increase urates elimination from kidneys. |
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Relieve symptoms & prevent recurrence when combined with low purine diet. |
Treated with indomethacin, NSAIDs but not low-dose aspirin.
Aspirin has bimodal action/dose-dependent.
High doses >3g/day could be uricosuric (decrease uric acid level in blood by its excretion)
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