Geohazards Cheat Sheet (DRAFT) by roobear

Shield Volcanoes
low angle profile; large successive basaltic flows
  Non-ex­plosive (mafic) eruptions
  Low viscosity flow produces various morpho­logies (lava flow, fissure eruptions, pillow basalts, etc)
Strato­vol­canoes
steep-­sloped, built up from tephra; layered pyrocl­astics + viscous lava
  Explosive (inter­med­iat­e/f­elsic) eruptions
  Higher viscosity flow produces composite or strato­vol­canoes, domes, and calderas (crate­r-like volcanoes)

Liquif­action - When water-­sat­urated, unstable sediments are transf­ormed into substance that acts like liquid
Tsunamis - Seismic sea waves that occur when earthq­uakes change the seafloor; Tsunamis can harm multiple countries.

An earthquake occurs from a sudden displa­cement of rocks along a fault. The released energy radiates out as seismic waves. Body waves turn into surface waves when they encounter earths surface
Body waves:
P-wave - The fastest seismic wave and are the first signal from an earthquake to arrive and produce a push pull motion in the direction of travel (shaking).
S-wave - Perpen­dicular to P-waves, S-waves produce a side to side motion and are more destru­ctive.
Surface waves:
Love waves - Move horizo­ntally and cause horizontal shifting side to side
Surface R-waves - Last to arrive, land surface behaves like water rotating in an up and down motion.