Cheatography
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DNA-genetic materialDeoxyribonucleic acid | Nucleotides->Nucleic acids | a pentose sugar, a phosphate group, a nitrogen-containing base | Nucleotides are joint by phosphodiester bonds, phosphate group connect to the 3' C of one sugar, and the 5' C of the next sugar | Backbone made up of alternating pentose and phosphates | Nucleic acid strand has a polarity: a 5' end and a 3' end | amount of A = amount of T, G = C |
key features of DNAright-handed double-stranded helix, uniform diameter | antiparallel: two strands run in opposite directions | 5' phosphate group and 3' hydroxyl group | complementary base pairing (A-T;C-G) | B-DNA consists of an double helix with approximately 10 bases per turn. |
DNAFound in nucleus (and mitochondria) | Coded instructions for making proteins | Weak bonds between bases(hydrogen bond) | Negatively charged | Relatively stable | Inheritable |
| | LipidsFatty acids-> Fats,Lipids,Membranes | Lipids are a broad group of compounds from biological origin that can dissolve in nonpolar solvents, such as chloroform and diethyl ether | Oily, greasy, waxy substances. Not water soluble. Extracted from organisms by organic solvents. | Even though they are different in structure (diff. types- fats,waxes,sterols,fat-soluble vitamins A D E K), they share some same properties | Functions: | Cell membrane | | Energy storage | | Thermal insulation | | Buoyancy | Lipids in our body | Phospholipids | | Free fatty acid | | Triglyceride | | Cholesterol ester |
Energy storageGlycogen in animals | glycogen used for short-term energy storage, they converted to glucose when energy is required. | Starch in plants | Lipids have more energy content per unit mass of carbohydrates | Lipids used for long-term energy storage | Triglycerides(甘油三酯) converted to fatty acids and glycerol → energy | Triglycerides are broken down to yield acetyl CoA. |
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