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DNA-genetic material
Deoxyribonucleic acid |
Nucleotides->Nucleic acids |
a pentose sugar, a phosphate group, a nitrogen-containing base |
Nucleotides are joint by phosphodiester bonds, phosphate group connect to the 3' C of one sugar, and the 5' C of the next sugar |
Backbone made up of alternating pentose and phosphates |
Nucleic acid strand has a polarity: a 5' end and a 3' end |
amount of A = amount of T, G = C |
key features of DNA
right-handed double-stranded helix, uniform diameter |
antiparallel: two strands run in opposite directions |
5' phosphate group and 3' hydroxyl group |
complementary base pairing (A-T;C-G) |
B-DNA consists of an double helix with approximately 10 bases per turn. |
DNA
Found in nucleus (and mitochondria) |
Coded instructions for making proteins |
Weak bonds between bases(hydrogen bond) |
Negatively charged |
Relatively stable |
Inheritable |
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Lipids
Fatty acids-> Fats,Lipids,Membranes |
Lipids are a broad group of compounds from biological origin that can dissolve in nonpolar solvents, such as chloroform and diethyl ether |
Oily, greasy, waxy substances. Not water soluble. Extracted from organisms by organic solvents. |
Even though they are different in structure (diff. types- fats,waxes,sterols,fat-soluble vitamins A D E K), they share some same properties |
Functions: |
Cell membrane |
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Energy storage |
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Thermal insulation |
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Buoyancy |
Lipids in our body |
Phospholipids |
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Free fatty acid |
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Triglyceride |
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Cholesterol ester |
Energy storage
Glycogen in animals |
glycogen used for short-term energy storage, they converted to glucose when energy is required. |
Starch in plants |
Lipids have more energy content per unit mass of carbohydrates |
Lipids used for long-term energy storage |
Triglycerides(甘油三酯) converted to fatty acids and glycerol → energy |
Triglycerides are broken down to yield acetyl CoA. |
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