Live attenuated vaccine |
Killed or inactivated vaccine |
Subunit, recombinant, polysaccharide, and conjugate |
Toxoid |
mRNA |
Microorganism rendered nonpathogenic but retains capacity for transient growth within inoculated host. MMR and varicella vaccines can be given to people living with HIV without evidence of immunity if CD4+ cell count ≥ 200 cells/mm3. |
Pathogen is inactivated by heat or chemicals. Maintaining epitope structure on surface antigens is important for immune response. Mainly induces a humoral response |
All use speciflc antigens that best stimulate the immune system. |
Denatured bacterial toxin with an intact receptor binding site. Stimulates immune system to make antibodies without potential for causing disease. |
A lipid nanoparticle delivers mRNA, causing cells to synthesize foreign protein (eg, spike protein of SARS-CoV-2). Induces cellular and humoral immunity |
Pros: induces cellular and humoral responses. Induces strong, often lifelong immunity. Cons: may revert to virulent form. Contraindicated in pregnancy and patients with immunodeflciency. |
Pros: safer than live vaccines. Cons: weaker cell-mediated immune response; booster shots usually needed. |
Pros: targets speciflc epitopes of antigen; lower chance of adverse reactions. Cons: expensive; weaker immune response |
Pros: protects against the bacterial toxins. Cons: antitoxin levels decrease with time, thus booster shots may be needed. |
Pros: high efflcacy, safe in pregnancy. Cons: local and transient systemic (fatigue, headache, myalgia) reactions are common. Rare myocarditis, pericarditis particularly in young males. |
Examples: Adenovirus (nonattenuated, given to military recruits), typhoid (Ty21a, oral), polio (Sabin), varicella (chickenpox), smallpox, BCG, yellow fever, influenza (intranasal), MMR, rotavirus. |
Examples: Hepatitis A, Typhoid (Vi polysaccharide, intramuscular), Rabies, Infiuenza (intramuscular), Polio (SalK). |
Examples: HBV (antigen = HBsAg), HPV, acellular pertussis (aP), Neisseria meningitidis (various strains), Streptococcus pneumoniae (PPSV23 polysaccharide primarily T-cell–independent response; PCV13 conjugated polysaccharide produces T-cell–dependent response), Haemophilus infiuenzae type b, herpes zoster. |
Examples: Clostridium tetani, Corynebacterium diphtheriae. |
Examples: SARS-CoV-2 |
Created By
Metadata
Comments
No comments yet. Add yours below!
Add a Comment
Related Cheat Sheets