Introduction
Side Effect |
expected; tolerable |
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usually 5-30 mins upon admin |
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usually not detrimental |
Adverse Reaction |
not expected; not telerable |
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usually months (3-6 montns) |
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present for pt wwith long-term medication |
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abdominal pain, edema, allergic reactions |
Receptor Site |
embedded at site of action |
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site where drug is most potent |
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made of protein substances |
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effects: drug initiates response (antagonistic, agonistic) |
SIte of action |
location where drug ecerts its therapeutic effect |
Carcinogenicity |
ability of drug to induce living cells to mutate to become cancerous |
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ex. strong medications |
Teratogenicity |
drug that induces birth defects |
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causes abnormal development of fetus in utero |
Mechanism/Mode of Action |
absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion |
Branches of Pharma
Pharmakokinetics |
process of ADME |
Pharmakodynamics |
biochemical and physical effect of drugs |
Pharmacotherapeutics |
"clinical pharmacology" |
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how drugs may be best used in treatment of illnesses |
Toxicology |
study of poisons |
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adverse effect of drugs in body |
Pharmacognosy |
natural drug sources |
Sources of Drugs
Natural |
Plants |
digitalis (foxglove) |
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opium (opium poppy) analgesic |
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belladona antocolenergic drug; increase pupil size, bowel movements |
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vincristine (periwinkle) chemotherapeutic agent; AE: nerve damage |
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Animals |
epinephrine, insulin |
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Minerals |
iron |
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Chemical substances |
Lab Made |
Natural Sources |
insulin, attapulgite, laxative, cardiac drug, chemotherapeutic drugs |
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Semi-synthetic |
antimicrobial, human insulin chemically modified |
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Biotechnology |
manipulations to permit large-scale industrial production of complex natural substances or genetically altered biological substances |
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Source of Drug Info
Pharmacopeia |
official source of drug info |
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list of products in medicine with description |
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chemical tests |
Formulary |
collection of formulas and prescription |
Package insert |
has chemicals and study information in medicine box |
Nursing textbooks |
includes nursing interventions |
Reference Books |
Physician Desk References - compilations
Drug Facts and Comparisons - cost, pt infor, admin guidelines |
Journals |
Medical Letter - monthly review of new drugs, drug lasses, and special treatment episodes |
Internet Information |
Monthly INdex of Medical Specialties (MIMS) |
Drug Uses
Symptomatic Treatment |
relief
ex. biogesic, paracetamol |
Preventice |
avoid disease
ex. vitamins |
Diagnostic Drug |
ex. contrast dye/medium |
Curative |
ex. chemotherapeutic drug |
Health Maintenance |
ex. antidiabetic drug |
Contraceptive |
Drug Names
Chemical Name |
chemical structure of drug
coined at early stages of development |
Generic Name |
not capitalized |
Brand Name |
trade name; name registered |
Drug Classification
classification according to effect on particular system, therapeutic uses, and chemical characteristics
ex. bronchodilators, antihistamines, antihypertensive |
Prescription Drugs |
drugs with prescription label
prohibits dispension without prescription |
Medical prescription |
written order by qualified health professional to a pharmacist for a treatment to be provided to their patient
component: date & time drug is written, drug name, drug dosage, route of admin, frequency and duration of admin, signature of MD |
Nonprescription Drigs or OTC Drugs |
drugs may be legally acquired without prescription |
Illicit or Street Drugs |
drugs used/distributed illegally
ex: heroin, stimulants, cocaine |
Investigational Drugs |
subjected to clinical studies in order to evaluate the usefulness of drug in treating the disease for which it is claimed to be affected |
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