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SPAN 1201 Prueba 1 Cheat Sheet by

The Present Tense of Regular Verbs

 
Hablar
Beber
Vivir
Yo
hablo
bebo
vivo
Tú
hablas
bebes
vives
Ud./él­/ella
habla
bebe
vive
nosotr­os/as
hablamos
bebemos
vivimos
vosotr­os/as
habláis
bebéis
vivís
Uds./e­llo­s/ellas
hablan
beben
viven

Stem-c­hanging Verbs

e --> ie
o --> ue
e --> i
Pensar to think
Poder to be able to, can
Pedir to ask for
pienso
puedo
pido
piensas
puedes
pides
piensa
puede
pide
piensamos
podemos
pedimos
pensáis
podéis
pedís
piensan
pueden
piden
The nosotr­os/as and vosotr­os/as forms never have stem changes in the present tense.
Other verbs that have stem changes include: jugar, incluir, construir, destruir, and influir.
Jugar changes it stem vowel from u to ue
The rest listed add a y to personal endings.

Ser and Estar

Both ser and estar mean to be but they are NOT interc­han­gea­ble!!!

SER is used to express the idea of perman­ence, such as inherent or unchanging qualities and charac­ter­istics.

ESTAR is used to express tempor­ality, including qualities or conditions that change with time.

Ser and Estar Mnemonics

SER
ESTAR
Date
Position
Occupation
Location
Charact­eristic
Action
Time
Condition
Origin
Emotion
Relation
These two Mnemonics can be used to help determine when to use either Ser or Estar.
  

Irregular Yo forms

Many -er and -ir verbs have irregular yo forms in the present tense. Verbs ending in -cer or -cir change to -zco in the yo form. Verbs ending in -ger or -gir change to -jo.

¡Atenc­ión!: some verbs with irregular yo forms have stem changes as well!
conseguir (e:i) --> consigo
corregir (e:i) --> corrijo
elegir (e:i) --> sigo
torcer (o:ue) --> tuerzo

Irregular Yo forms

Ending in -go
  
Ending in -zco
caer to fall
yo caigo
conducir to drive
yo conduzco
distinguir to distin­guish
yo distingo
conocer to know
yo conozco
hacer to do, to make
yo hago
crecer to grow
yo crezco
poner to put, to place
yo pongo
obedecer to obey
yo obedezco
salir to leave, to go out
yo salgo
parecer to seem
yo parezco
traer to bring
yo traigo
Producir to produce
yo produzco
valer to be worth
yo valgo
traducir to translate
yo traduzco
rehacer to remake, redo
yo rehago
reconocer to recognize
yo reconozco
deshacer to undo
yo deshago
aparecer to appear
yo aparezco
componer to make up
yo compongo
desapa­recer to disappear
yo desaparezco
oponer to oppose
yo opongo
proponer to propose
yo propongo
suponer to suppose
yo supongo
atraer to attract
yo atraigo
contraer to contract
yo contraigo
distaer to distact
yo distraigo
 

Irregular Yo forms

Ending in -jo
  
Other Verbs
dirigir to direct, manage
yo dirijo
caber to fit
yo quepo
escoger to choose
yo escojo
saber to know
yo sé
exigir to demand
yo exijo
ver to see
yo veo
proteger to protect
yo protejo

Irregular Verbs Note

Other commonly used verbs in Spanish are irregular in the present tense or combine a stem-c­hange with an irregular yo form or other spelling change.

Irregular Verbs (part 1)

dar
decir
estar
ir
to give
to say
to be
to go
doy
digo
estoy
voy
das
dices
estás
vas
da
gice
está
va
damos
decimos
estamos
vamos
dais
decís
estáis
vais
dan
dicen
están
van

Irregular verbs (part 2)

oír
ser
tener
venir
to hear
to be
to have
to come
oigo
soy
tengo
vengo
oyes
eres
tienes
vienes
oye
es
tiene
viene
oímos
somos
tenemos
venimos
oís
sois
tenéis
venís
oyen
son
tienen
vienen

Verbs like gustar

aburrir to bore
hacer falta to miss; to need
caer bien/mal to (not) get along well with
importar to be important to; to matter
disgustar to upset
interesar to be intere­sting to; to interest
doler to hurt; to ache
molestar to bother; to annoy
encantar to like very much
preocupar to worry
faltar to lack; to need
quedar to be left over; to fit (clothing)
fascinar to fascinate
sorprender to surprise
       
 

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