Simple Python Built-In Functionsabs(x) | Returns the absolute value for x | abs(-2) is 2 | max(x1, x2,...) | Returns the largest among x1, x2,... | max(1, 5, 2) is 5 | min(x1, x2,...) | Returns the smalles among x1, x2,... | min(1, 5, 2) is 1 | pow(a, b) | Same as a ** b | pow(2, 3) is 8 | round(x) | Returns an integer nearest to x. If x is equally close to two inetegers, the even one is returned | round(5.5) is 6 | round(x, n) | Returns the float value rounded to n digits after the decimal point | round(5.466, 2) is 5.47 |
Mathematical Functions in Pythonfabs(x) Returns the absolute value for x as a float | ceil(x) Round up x | floor(x) Round down x | exp(x) exponential function x(e^x) | log(x) Natural logarithms | log(x) Natural logarithms | log(x, base) Logarithms of x for the specified base | sqrt(x) Square root of x | sin(x), cos(x), tan(x) sin, cos, tan of x angle in radians | asin(x), acos(x) Inverse of sin, cos of an angle | degrees(x) convert radians to degrees | radians(x) convert degrees to radians |
Strings and CharactersASCII Code American Standard Code for Information Interchange. Uses numbers 0 - 127. Can be accessed using alt key | Unicode Code Unicode consortium, starts with \u and hexadecimal nmbers |
Escape Sequences for Special CharactersCharacter Escape Sequence | Name | \b | Backspace | \t | Tab | \n | Linefeed | \r | Carriage Return | \\ | Backslash | \' | Single Quote | \" | Double Quote |
Printing without the Newlineprint("AAA", end = ' ')
print("BBB", end = '')
print("CCC", end = '*')
print("DDD", end = '*')
displays
AAA BBBCCCDDD |
Invoke the print function with the end argumentn = 3
id(n)
type(n)
s = salalah
sl = s.lower()
print (s)
---
su = s.upper()
print(s)
s = “\t Salalah \n”
print(s)
s = s.strip()
print(s) |
Convert numbers to a stringnum1 = str(3.4)
print (num1)
num2 = str(5)
print (num2) |
Read strings from the keyboardfirstname = input(“firstname is: “)
secondname =input(“second name is: “)
name = firstname + secondname
print (name)
print(firstname + “ “ + secondname) |
To use the + operator to concatenate stringsfirstname = “ Mohammad”
secondname = “Ali”
name = firstname + secondname
print (name)
Firstname + = secondname
print(firstname)
use “ “ space |
Format Strings and Numbersa = 3
b = .123
c = a / b
print(c)
---
print (round(c,2))
---
print (format(c,”10.2f”))
print (format(c,”10.2e”))
print (format(c,”10.%”)
---
(for int only)
print(format(a,”b”)) #binary
print(format(a,”o”)) #octal
print(format(a,”x”)) #hexadecimal |
Format Strings and Numbers cont...print (format(c,”10.2f”))
print (format(c,”<10.2f”))
print (format(c,”>10.2f”)
---
print(format(a,”b”))
print(format(a,”<b”))
print(format(a,”>b”))
---
s = "I love Python"
print(s)
print(format(s,"20s"))
print(format(s,"<20s"))
print(format(s,">20s")) |
| | Draw Various Shapesimport turtle
turtle.pensize(n) 1-3
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(x,y) (-200,-50)
turtle.pendown()
turtle.circle(40, steps = 3) #triangle
turtle.done() |
Draw graphics with colors and fontsimport turtle
turtle.pensize(n)
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(x,y)
turtle.pendown()
turtle.begin_fill()
turtle.color(“color”)
turtle.circle(40, steps = 3)
turtle.end_fill()
turtle.done() |
|
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