Tourism
Description: The act of a person traveling and staying in an area outside from their usual environment. |
Purpose: Leisure (sport, visit,ect..), buisiness vut cant earn money from destination. |
Duration: More than 24h, less than a year |
Distance: At least 80km from place of residence, has to be a round trip (aller-retour) |
History: As soon as the ancient greece, influenced by industrialisation. |
Growth: Organizations UNWTO UNESCO WTTC Businesses Governments Associations Regional and national promotion associations (ex: Tourisme Cantons-de-l’Est, Bonjour Québec,…) Research organizations or think tanks (ex: Destination Canada, AITQ,…) |
Relevant:$$$ Highly geographic Increasing trend (even if…) Angle for studies (wealth, environment, cultures) Different scales |
Euro vs UE vs Shengen
Euro |
The euro is a unit of money that is used by the member countries of the European Union which have accepted European monetary union. It is represented by the symbol €. |
UE |
The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of 27 member states that are located primarily in Europe |
Shengen |
an agreement between many countries of the European Union that allows people and goods to pass freely across the borders of each country without passport or other controls. Some European countries outside the European Union are also part of the agreement. The name comes from Schengen in Luxembourg, where the agreement was signed. : |
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Attraction factors
Physical |
Climate, biology, Landforms & Distance |
Human |
Language Culture Connexion City vs rural areas Economy Friends and family |
Destinations
Primary |
Main destinations, Places are interdependent ( popularity of one can lead to the downfall of the other, when if 2 are close they might get popular together). |
Secondary |
On the way: pit stop, Transit: connect transportation means, Shadows: close by main destinations and benefits, Grand tour: 1-2 days stays. |
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Concepts
State |
A state is an association of people characterized by formal institutions of government, including laws; permanent territorial boundaries; and sovereignty (political independence). |
Nation |
A nation is a group of people with a common language, history, culture, and (usually) geographic territory. |
Nation states |
a sovereign state whose citizens or subjects are relatively homogeneous in factors such as language or common descent. |
multinational |
including or involving several countries or individuals of several nationalities. |
Multi-states |
relating to or involving several states , esp of Australia or the US |
irredentism |
policy of advocating the restoration to a country of any territory formerly belonging to it. |
stateless nations |
A stateless nation is an ethnic group or nation that does not possess its own state and is not the majority population in any nation state. |
ethnic exclave |
A small part of the Quebec portion of the First Nations' territory is considered a pene-exclave as it bounded by the waters of the St. Lawrence and St. Regis Rivers to the north and east and the U.S. mainland to the south |
ethnic enclave |
In sociology, an ethnic enclave is a geographic area with high ethnic concentration, characteristic cultural identity, and economic activity. |
microstates |
a nation that is extremely small in area and population. |
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Cultural impacts
Exchange + |
Between cultures, leads to openess and creation, motivation. |
Revitalization + |
Allow improvement of location creating better environements. Expression of poor local culture thats leads to recognition of some languages brought back. |
Promotion + |
Leads to more money and tourism trafic |
others.. |
Sometimes cultures will impact/be impacted by what is arround them. Physical realities may impact on social/cultural behaviors |
others.. |
Problem with dealing with tourist experience and perserving and limit impact of tourism on attraction |
Demonstration effect - |
Influenced by tourism, leads to behavioral changes |
Acculturation - |
When 2 culture have mutual influence, may lead to antagonism. When culture dont have the same invasion, one stronger culture may take over another culture. |
Discrepancy between culture - |
Tranformation of local traditions (commodification). Transformation of locals. Transformation of landscape, new facilities (standarisation). Tranformation of expresssion (staged authenticity). |
Micro states
Orange: Medieval origin, rich (usu. tax haven) at UN Purple: Head of the Catholic Church, exclued from Italy, not in UN Green: Former Yogoslavia, Kosovo, not recognized by all countries Light green: Former USSR, Georgian territory, recognized by very few countries |
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