Cheatography
https://cheatography.com
GGPLOT2 has a number of geom functions to use. Find a summary of them here.
This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.
Geoms
What is a Geom? |
A geom is a geometric object and is a function that controls the way in which your data is visualized. |
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Basic Graph Features:
geom_blank(): |
Creates a blank canvas |
geom_path(): |
Data points are joined according to how they are ordered in the data |
geom_line(): |
Data points are connected according to the order on the x axis |
geom_ribbon(): |
A line graph that has an area highlighted above and below the line. The thickness of this highlighted part is defined by a y-min and y-max |
geom_segment(): |
Connects 2 data points with a line segment |
geom_rect(): |
Create rectangles |
geom_polygon(): |
Create polygons |
geom_text(): |
Add labels and text |
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Single variables
Discrete: |
geom_bar(): |
Create a bar graph |
Continuous: |
geom_histogram(): |
Create a histogram (to show distribution of a continuous variable) |
geom_density(): |
Create a density plot ( a smoothed version of a histogram) |
geom_dotplot(): |
Each dot represents an observation where the size of the dot is the bin width |
geom_freqpoly(): |
A frequency polygon for when you want to compare the distribution of various elements in a category. An alternative to stacking histograms. With a histogram you display the number of observations using a bar, but with a frequency polygon you use lines. |
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Two variables:
Both continuous: |
geom_point(): |
Scatterplot |
geom_quantile(): |
Drawing a line through a regression |
geom_smooth(): |
Add a line of best fit |
Show distribution: |
geom_bin2d(): |
Creates a heatmap - as an alternative to geom_point if too many points |
geom_density2d(): |
Creates a 2D density plot |
geom_hex(): |
An alternative to geom_bin2d() but the bins are hexagons |
At least one discrete: |
geom_count(): |
When there are too many points in a specific location on your plot, you can count them and create a group. This helps when there are too many data points to plot effectively (this is to prevent overplotting) |
geom_jitter(): |
Adds random variation (dots) at each data point |
One continuous, one discrete: |
geom_bar(stat = "identity"): |
geom_bar uses stat="bin" as its default making the height of each bar equal to the number of cases in each group. If you want the heights of the bars to represent values in the data, use stat="identity" and give the y aesthetic a value. |
geom_boxplot(): |
Box plots |
geom_violin(): |
Violin plot (like a box plot but instead of a box, you have the shape of how the data is distributed) |
One time, one continuous |
geom_area(): |
Area plot |
geom_line(): |
Line plot |
geom_step(): |
Step plot - Connects data points as they change creating a line that looks like a staircase |
Spatial: |
geom_map(): |
Create a map with geographical data |
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