This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.
Stages of cell cycle
G1: first phase, Growth phase. Marked processions of 20 amino acids |
S: When DNA replication commemces. When the phase is complete all the chromosomes have been replicated. DNA is doubled |
G2: gap phase. Growth continues |
M: Mitosis, cell division occurs |
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mitosis and meiosis
mitosis: only one round of genetic separation and cellular division, a cell splits to create two identical copies of the original cell. Diploid |
meiosis: two rounds of genetic separation and cellular division, cells split to form new cells with half the usual number of chromosomes, to produce gametes for sexual reproduction. |
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Terms
Haploid - having a single set of unpaired chromosomes (23) |
Diploid - containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent. (46) |
Alternations of Generations - The fluctuation between these diploid and haploid stages (jellyfish) |
Apoptosis - is a process of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms. |
gamete - a sexual cell (sperm or egg) only contains 23 chromosomes |
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terms of patterns of inheritance
Gene - a sequence of DNA or RNA which codes for a molecule that has a function |
Allele - one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome. |
homozygous - individual has two of the same allele, whether dominant or recessive |
Heterozygous - means having one each of two different alleles. |
Genotype - is the set of genes in our DNA which is responsible for a particular trait. |
Phenotype- The physical appearance or biochemical characteristic of an organism as a result of the interaction of its genotype and the environment |
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