Parts of a Speech
Noun: |
names of a person, place or thing |
ex.\\ mother school, banana |
Pronoun: |
takes the place of a noun |
ex.\\ she, we, it |
Adjective: |
describes or modifies a noun |
ex.\\ nice, arrogant, awesome |
Verb: |
indicated an action or state of being |
ex.\\ sing, run, is, need |
Adverb: |
modifies a verb, an adjective or another adverb |
ex.\\ slowly, repeatedly, very |
Preposition |
shows the relationship of a noun to a verb, adjective or another noun |
ex.\\ on, by, to, in, of, for, from |
Conjunction: |
connects other words, phrases or sentences |
ex.\\ because, and, or, but |
Interjection: |
calls attention to what is being said |
ex.\\ Yes! Wow! Yikes! |
Types of Sentences
Declarative: |
makes a statement |
ex.\\ The ice cream is in the freezer. |
Interrogative: |
asks a question |
ex.\\ Where are the car keys? |
Imperative: |
gives commands or requests |
ex.\\ Hand in your assignment. |
Exclamatory: |
expresses a strong feeling |
ex.\\ I've been robbed! |
Punctuation:
Question Mark (?) |
ends an interrogative sentence |
ex.\\ Can you come over to play! |
Period (.) |
ends a declarative sentence |
ex.\\ She left early. |
Exclamation Point (!) |
ends an exclamatory or imperative sentence |
ex.\\ I can't believe we won! |
Comma (,) |
separates elements in a series |
ex.\\ Bring a pencil, pen, ruler and compass |
Semicolon (;) |
signals more pause than a comma but less than a period |
ex.\\ Meet me there; it is easy to find. |
Colon (:) |
signals that a list is coming ahead |
ex.\\ For the recipe you will need: choc chips, flour, milk and nuts. |
Dash (-) |
indicates a break in thought; used |
Our best runners - Susan and Kim not there. |
Apostrophe
used to show a contraction |
ex.\\ I’ll mail my application to you right away. |
used to Show Possession |
ex.\\ He paid for the gas when he used Dan’s car. |
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Quotations Marks
Use double quotation marks: |
for a direct quotation |
ex.\\ "What doesn’t kill me makes me stronger." -Friedrich Nietzsche |
in most dialogue |
ex.\\ "l am going to a movie with Jenny on Saturday," he replied. |
for titles of songs, literary works, movies, television series, etc. |
ex.\\ The movie “Network” is on TV Friday. |
Use single quotation marks to enclose a quotation within a quotation. |
ex.\\ "She yelled ‘Stop’ when the bus pulled away,” Dan added. |
Spelling Rules:
1. I before e except after c, or when sounded as a |
ex.\\ receive, freight |
2. When a verb ends in ie., change the ie to y before adding the Suffix ing |
ex.\\ die becomes dying, tie becomes tying |
3. When a word ends in y preceded by a consonant, change the y to i before adding the suffix (unless the suffix begins with i. if the Suffix begins with i, keep the y.) |
ex.\\ envy becomes envious, study becomes studying |
4. Keep the final e before a suffix beginning with a consonant |
ex.\\ advertise becomes advertisement |
5. With the suffixes able and ous, don't drop the e before the Suffixes if the word ends in a soft ce or ge |
ex.\\ knowledge becomes knowledgeable |
6. Doubling the final consonant when a suffix is added to a two syllable word. In the US: most words do not, In Canada: most words do. |
ex.\\ US: counsel becomes counselor, Canada counsel becomes counsellor |
7. When a word ends with more than one.consonant, dont double when adding the Suffix |
ex.\\ drown becomes drowning |
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