Rohingya AlphabetLetter | IPA | Pronunciation | Examples | A a | /ɑ/ | as in 'father' | anḍa, asman | Ã ã | /ɑ̃/ | nasalized /ɑ/ | ãi, tũi | B b | /b/ | as in 'boy' | bái, bou | D d | /d/ | as in 'dog' | dan, deho | Ḍ ḍ | /ɖ/ | *see note below | ḍõr, ḍak | E e | /e/ | as in 'bed' | enaš, egena | Ẽ ẽ | /ẽ/ | nasalized /ẽ/ | fẽsa, kẽs | F f | /f/ | as in 'fun' | fuwa, fani | G g | /ɡ/ | as in 'go' | gór, gula | H h | /h/ | as in 'home' | hana, hat | I i | /i/ | as ee in 'sheep' | isamas, iin | Ĩ ĩ | /ĩ/ | nasalized /i/ | gĩyu | J j | /d͡ʒ/ | as in 'jam' | januwar | K k | /k/ | as in 'car' (soft k) | kitab, kura | L l | /l/ | as in 'lap' | lal, lamba | M m | /m/ | as in 'man' | mas, miyula | N n | /n/ | as in 'name' | nak, nun | O o | /ɔ/ | as oo in 'door' | ošuk, oran | Õ õ | /ɔ̃/ | nasalized /ɔ/ | õṛi, õl | P p | /p/ | as in 'pet' (soft p) | in loan/foreign words | R r | /ɾ/ | as in Italian 'primo' | ruṭi, rari | Ṛ ṛ | /ɽ/ | *see note below | ṛaṭ | S s | /s/ | as in 'same' | sini, sul | Š š | /ʃ/ | as sh in 'ship' | šõṛo, šohor | T t | /t/ | as in French 'très' | tormus, tũi | Ṭ ṭ | /ʈ/ | voiceless /ɖ/ | ṭayon, ṭala | U u | /u/ | as oo in 'noon' | usol | Ũ ũ | /ũ/ | nasalized /u/ | kũir, ũṭ | V v | /v/ | as in 'visa' | in loan/foreign words | W w | /w/ | as in 'wax' | wada | Y y | /j/ | as in 'year' | iyan | Z z | /z/ | as in 'zebra' | zaga, zuta |
Pronouncing retroflexed consonants Ḍ ḍ, Ṛ ṛ, Ṭ ṭ are retroflexed sounds that pronounced with the underside of the tongue curled up just behind the alveolar ridge. |
Lengthened ConsonantsIPA | Written as | Example | Gloss | /jː/ | jj | aijja | today | /ʃː/ | šš | biššaš | faith | /gː/ | gg | beggun | all |
Lengthened consonants are marked by doubling the symbol. Example list is not exhaustive. Lengthened VowelsIPA | Written as | Example | Gloss | /iː/ | ii | iin | "these" | /oː/ | oo | hoor | "clothes" | /uː/ | uu | duud | "milk" |
Long vowels are marked by doubling the vowel symbol.
Short and long vowels can contrast in meaning, e.g.: hoor "clothes" vs. hor "(you) say". Stressed Vowelsá | bái vs. bai - "brother" vs. "through" | ó | gór vs. gor - "house" vs. "(you) do" |
Stress markers are only used on a few words where context is not enough to determine meaning. DiphthongsIPA | Written as | Pronunciation | Examples | /ɑ͡i/ | ai | as in 'bye' | bái, fuwain | /e͡i/ | ei | as in 'day' | beil, leikke | /ɔ͡i/ | oi | as in 'boy' | boin, boišše | /ɔ͡u/ | ou | as in 'home' | bou | /u͡i/ | ui | as in Spanish 'muy' | dui, tui | /ã͡i/ | ãi | nasalized /ɑ͡i/ | ãi (1SG) | /ũ͡i/ | ũi | nasalized /u͡i/ | tũi (2SG.hon) |
Diphthongs in Rohingya are treated as a single sound. Vowel glidesIPA | Written as | Examples | /ua/ | uwa | fuwa, januwar | /ũa/ | ũwa | tuwara | /ia/ | iya | ṭiya, iyan | /ie/ | iye | diye, giye | /io/ | iyo | giyos, niyom | /iu/ | iyu | niyula, diyum | /ĩu/ | ĩyu | gĩyu | /uo/ | uwo | uwore, šuwor | /ue/ | uwe | bouwe |
Glides are written with semivowels to avoid breaking the rules for Rohingya syllable structure. Ref: LearnRohingya.com for more details. | | Consonant ending stems and suffixesLengthen last stem consonant when the suffix is -an, -un or -wa. manuš + -wa manuššwa
hãt + -an hãttan
holom + -un holommun | Insert /g/ when stem ends with /r/ and suffix is -an, -un, or -wa. sair + -wa sairgwa
gór + -an górgan
bandor + -un bandorgun | Insert /o/ when the stem ends with a consonant and the suffix is -r. šohor + -r šohoror |
Loan words can deviate from the insertion rules above. Vowel ending stems and suffixesInsert /y/ when stem ends with a vowel and suffix is -e. hiba + -e hibaye
fuwa + -e fuwaye | Insert /g/ when stem ends with a vowel and suffix is -an or -un. fara + -an faragan
azadi + -un azadigun |
Rohingya keyboard - Additional dead key The Rohingya keyboard defines the semicolon key ; as an additional dead key for typing Rohingya letters like retroflexed consonants and nasalized vowels.
Download from LearnRohingya.com/resources/keyboard/ Rohingya keyboard - ConsonantsPC* | MacOS | Base | Result | ; | ; | D | Ḍ | ; | ; | d | ḍ | ; | ; | R | Ṛ | ; | ; | r | ṛ | ; | ; | S | Š | ; | ; | s | š | ; | ; | T | Ṭ | ; | ; | t | ṭ |
* Windows 10 / 8.1 / 8 / 7 and Linux
First press ";" and then press the consonant.
To type semicolon, press ";" and then Spacebar. Rohingya keyboard - Nasalized vowelsPC | MacOS | Base | Result | ; | ; | A | Ã | ; | ; | a | ã | ; | ; | E | Ẽ | ; | ; | e | ẽ | ; | ; | I | Ĩ | ; | ; | i | ĩ | ; | ; | O | Õ | ; | ; | o | õ | ; | ; | U | Ũ | ; | ; | u | ũ |
First press ; key and then the corresponding vowel key. Rohingya keyboard - Stressed vowelsPC | MacOS | Base | Result | ´ | ⌥ +e | A | Á | ´ | ⌥ +e | a | á | ´ | ⌥ +e | E | É | ´ | ⌥ +e | e | é | ´ | ⌥ +e | O | Ó | ´ | ⌥ +e | o | ó |
´ = Acute (usually below the ESC-key) / ⌥ = Option key
On PC, first pressing ´ and then the vowel.
On MacOS, first pressing Option+e and then the vowel. |
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