This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.
Genotype vs phenotype
Genotype |
Phenotype |
Traits that are in your genes but aren't always physically visible |
Traits you can physically see |
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Dominant vs recessive genes
Dominant |
Recessive |
A gene that is ALWAYS shown in the phenotype |
A gene that isn't always expressed in the phenotype |
Capital letter |
Represented by a lower case letter |
What was mendels method?
Made sure the plants were "pure breeding" for the characteristic he wanted to study |
Crossed pairs of contrasting traits and discovered progeny resembled only one parent but still had genetic information for both traits- hybrids |
Characteristic shown by the hybrids is dominant and the other he referred to as recessive. |
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Gene expression
Heterozygous |
Homozygous |
Aa (one recessive one dominant) |
AA or aa (either both dominant or recessive) |
Principles of inheritance
During formation of gametes, factors separate and each gamete receives one of these factors. Gametes unite at fertilization allowing for different combinations of genes (principle of segregation) |
Hereditary characteristics were controlled by factors which occurred in pairs |
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