This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.
Philosophy
-a particular set of ideas about knowledge, truth, the nature and meaning of life
-how we choose to spend our lives contribute to the development of identity and self understanding
-the nature of self is a topic of interests and have their own views
-love for wisdom
-study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence
-theory that someone has about how to live or deal with a situation.
SELF
-union of elements, namely: body, thoughts, feelings or emotions.
- a person's particular nature or personality. qualities that makes a person unique |
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Philosophers and their Concept of Self
1. Socrates (470 BCE-399 BCE)
-a Greek philosopher and the main source of Western thought
-we know his life through the writings of his students, Plato and Xenophon
-Know Yourself "An unexamined life is not worth living"
-man must stand and live according to his nature
-man has to look at himself. To find what? By what means?
-a bad man is not virtuous through ignorance; the man who does not follow the good fails to do so because he does not recognize it
-the core Socratic ethics is the concept of virtue and knowledge
-concerned with the problem of the self
-succeeded made people think about who they are
-worst thing to happen is to live but die inside
-"every person is dualistic'' man = body + soul
-individual = imperfect/permanent (body) + perfect & permanent (soul)
-believed the the "self" exists in two parts: physical, tangible aspects of us = mortal constantly changing
soul = immortal unchanging/unmodified
-physical realm, our body and soul are attached
-ideal realm, when we die our body stays in physical realm and our soul travels to the ideal realm, therefore making our soul immortal
2. Plato ( 428-7 BCE-348-7 BCE)
-"The Ideal Self, the Perfect Self"
-man was omniscient (having infinite awareness)
-3 Components to the soul (can be validated by directly turning inward to one's own experience of the self)
-appetitive/mind soul - biological needs & base desires and comforts (foods, drinks, sleep)
-spirited soul - basic motions & emotions should be kept at bay
-rational soul- divine essence & reason & intellect to govern affairs
-supported dualism (a student of Socrates)
3. Aristotle (384 BCE-322 BCE)
-"The soul is the essence of self"
-self-realization is attained by fulfilling man's threefold nature:
-vegetative
-sentient
-rational
4.St. Augustine
-"I am doubting, therefore I am"
-love and justice as the foundation of Individual Self
-he agreed that man is bifurcated nature
-body
-soul
-goal of human to attain communion and bliss with the Devine
-created in the image and likeness of God
5. St. Thomas Aquinas
-adopted some ideas from Aristotle
-man is composed of two parts: matter and form
-matter "hyle" common stuff that makes up everything in the universe
-form "morphe" essence of a substance or thing
-"The things we love tell us who we are" |
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