The Classification of Matter
Matter has many forms |
Matter – anything that has mass and volume. |
Mass is a measure of the quantity of an object. (g, kg,) |
Volume is a measure of space taken up (mL, L) |
Matter can be found as a solid, liquid or gas. (or even a combination of these) |
Changes of State
There are 3 states of matter |
Solid,Liquid, gas |
Melting – Change from a solid to a liquid |
Evaporation - Change from a liquid to a gas |
Condensation - Change from a gas to a liquid |
Freezing - Change from a liquid to a solid |
Sublimation - Change from a solid to a gas |
Deposition - Change from a gas to a solid |
The temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid is called the melting point. (water is 0°C) The reverse process, freezing, occurs at the freezing point. |
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THE PARTICLE THEORY OF MATTER
MATTER – anything that has mass and takes up space, but is NOT energy |
Matter is made up of tiny particles that have empty spaces between them |
Different substances are made up of different kinds of particles |
Particles are in constant random motion |
The particles move faster as temperature increases |
Particles are attracted to each other |
SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, & GASES
GASES: Particles are so far apart, their forces of attraction have little effect on their behavior |
LIQUIDS: Forces of attraction are weaker than those of solids, and are able to flow past each other |
SOLIDS: Forces of attraction are strong enough to hold the particles close together in a rigid shape |
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Pure Substances
A pure substance is made up of only one kind of matter |
unique set of properties |
colour, hardness, boiling point, and melting point. |
A pure substance is either an element (gold) or a compound (sugar). |
Element
A pure substance that cannot be broken down into any simpler substance by chemical means. |
Each element has its own name and symbol. Example: Gold (Au) |
Compound
A pure substance that is made from two or more elements that are combined together chemically. |
Example, water (H2O) is a compound containing the elements hydrogen and oxygen. |
Mixtures
What is are mixtures? |
A mixture is a combination of pure substances. |
Each substance remains in its original, pure form, although each is not always easy to see distinctly once the mixture is made. |
Contains more than one type of particle |
Mixtures can be solids, liquids, or gases |
Mixtures can be: |
Heterogeneous (a mixture in which the different parts are visible) - also known as Mechanical Mixtures or Suspensions |
Eg. Cereal or Salad Dressing |
Homogeneous (looks like a pure substance but contains more than one type of particle) – also known as Solutions |
Eg. Apple Juice |
Mechanical Mixture (heterogeneous mixture) |
Different substances that make up the mixture are visible Hetero = different |
Suspension |
A cloudy mixture in which tiny particles of one substance are held within another. |
Can be separated out when the mixture is poured through filter paper. |
A suspension is also a heterogeneous mixture. |
Solution (homogeneous mixture) |
Different substances that make it up are not individually visible |
One substance is dissolved in another |
The prefix “homo-” means same, and all parts of a homogeneous mixture look the same. |
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