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English 3 Benchmark Cheat Sheet (DRAFT) by

This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.

Defini­tions

Theme
the subject of a talk, a piece of writing, a person's thoughts, or an exhibi­tion; a topic
Figurative Language
Figurative language is language that uses words or expres­sions with a meaning that is different from the literal interp­ret­ation
Author's Purpose
An author's purpose is the reason an author decides to write about a specific topic.
Thesis
a statement or theory that is put forward as a premise to be maintained or proved. a long essay or disser­tation involving personal research, written by a candidate for a college degree.
Rephrasing
express (an idea or question) in an altern­ative way, especially with the purpose of changing the detail or perspe­ctive of the original idea or question
Paraph­rasing
a rewording of something written or spoken by someone else.
Genera­lizing
make a general or broad statement by inferring from specific cases
Summar­izing
give a brief statement of the main points of (somet­hing)
Methaphor
a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable
Argument
an exchange of diverging or opposite views, typically a heated or angry one
Direct charac­ter­ization
Direct charac­ter­ization is how an author tells his or her reader about a character.
Indirect charac­ter­ization
Indirect charac­ter­ization is the process by which the writer shows the charac­ter's person­ality through speech, actions and appear­ance.
Narrative poem
Narrative poetry is a form of poetry that tells a story, often making use of the voices of a narrator and characters as well; the entire story is usually written in metered verse
Allite­ration
the occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words
Sequence
a particular order in which related events, movements, or things follow each other
Inference
a conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning
Historical Context
Historical context refers to the moods, attitudes, and conditions that existed in a certain time. Context is the "­set­tin­g" for an event that occurs, and the elements, condit­ions, and charac­ter­istics of this specific time will have an impact on the relevance of the event
 

Questions

In "­Nat­ure­," what element of nature does Emerson find partic­ularly effective in inspiring deep respect and a sense of solitude?
The ability to find truth in solitude and nature.
Emerson says humans can own the land, but none can own this?
Greatest Delight
What does Emerson say would happen if stars appeared only one night in a thousand years.
If the stars should appear one night in a thousand years, how would men believe and adore; and preserve for many genera­tions the rememb­rance of the city of God which had been shown!
In "­Sel­f-R­eli­anc­e," Emerson asserts that society encourages people to do what?
Society deems it approp­riate; "you are only as good as your word."
Emerson says, "You will find those who think they know what is duty better than you know it." What does this explain?
Others always believe that they know what is best for you better than you would.
What is a major theme of Self-R­eli­ance?
The theme for Self-R­eliance is to look inward for truth.
Edgar Allan Poe wrote and published from 1827 until his death in 1849. What were come literary trends of this time period?
Rhyme
In Self-R­eli­ance, from where does genius come from?
Genius comes from within a person's rejected thoughts.
In "The Minister's Black Veil" What is the congre­gat­ion's initial reaction to Mr. Hooper's Veil.
The congre­gation react with fear to the veil.
On the first morning he wears the veil, Mr. Hooper's sermon deals with what topic?
His first sermon was about secret sin and dark mystery.
Elizabeth expresses a fear that Mr. Hooper's veil will be harmful to what?
The veil will become harmful to their relati­onship.
How does the veil make Mr. Hooper feel?
The veil makes him feel good.
Before he wore the veil, when Mr. Hooper's actions were questioned by congre­gation members, what did his reaction indicate?
His reaction to the questi­oning indicates that he knew what was said and he acted upon it.
What is the most important part of the setting of the story?
The story takes place in the 1600s during the Puritan times. This behavior was abnormal for this time period.
How does Mr. Hooper respond when he sees his reflection while wearing the veil?
He got scared and ran away.
What leads Tom Walker to conclude that the man he meets in the forest is the Devil?
The way the man talked made Tom realized that he was associ­ating with the Devil.
What is the one condition between Tom and the Devil "­which need not be mentioned, being generally unders­too­d"?
That he would work for him
What does the story suggest is the wickedest occupa­tion?
The wickedest occupation is slave trader.
What motivates Tom's wife to seek the devil?
She wanted more money from him.
What motivates Tom's religious conversion in old age?
He realized he was going to hell so he began praying and carrying a bible.
In his old age, Tom begins to use the Bible mainly to what?
Keep the Devil away.
What happens to Tom's posses­sions after he disapp­ears?
His posses­sions disappear along with him.