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はず "Should" subjective Cheat Sheet (DRAFT) by

べき / V-たほが / はず "Should"べき / V-たほが / はず "Should"

This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.

Pseudo­noun：はず

Formation:
Verb (dicti­onary form) + はず
V-ない + はず (Should not be; I expect is not...)
V-た + はず (I'm sure one did something; should have done...)
い-adje­ctive
Noun + の
な-adje­ctive + な
 
Functions:
1. Nominalize verbs / verb clauses
2. Modifies adjectives
3. Can be described by demons­trative pronouns　
Ex. そのはず "That should be; I suppose so..."
こんなはず、­そんなはず
4. Combines with other nouns using the particle　の
5. Negati­on：­はずがない "Its improbable that"
6. はずなのに; はずなのですが; はずなのですけど "It should be but; I thought that but"
 
Similar Grammar:
はず = Expect­ation
わけ = Outright Conclusion (based on what the speaker saw or heard)

はず “Should; I expect; Supposed to be that”

1.1 meaning. “Should; I expect” is used for expect­ations, not sugges­tions or advice. It should happen based on your judgment
*1.2 meaning. "It should be; I expect; It's supposed to be" Not so sure but Z
1.3 meaning そのはず "I suppose so; it should be; It is so" *
1.4 It's supposed to be... but..."­*
     
Ways:
     
★ はずなのに
     
★ はずなのですが...
     
★ はず飯ですけど...
Verb
てつやは【約­­束】­や­く­そく­­したか­­ら、­来るはず。
毎日日本語を­­勉強­し­た­から­­、日本­­語【­能­力­試験­­】のう­­りょ­く­し­けん­­に【受­­かる­】­う­かるはず。/ 【合格】ごう­­かく­で­きるはず。
A. 【出張】しゅ­っちょ­うは明­日ですか。
みんながもう­帰った­はずな­のに、­【事務­所】じ­むしょ­の電気­がまだ­ついてる。
Tetsuya promised, so he is supposed to come. (Because Tetsuya promised, I expect him to come.)
Because I studied Japanese everyday, I’m sure I can pass the JLPT.
Is your business trip tomorrow?
It's supposed to be that everyone already went home, but the office lights are still on.
 
VS
B. ええ、そのは­ずですが。
 
毎日日本語を­­勉強­し­た­から­­、日本­­語【­能­力­試験­­】のう­­りょ­く­し­けん­­に【受­­かる­】­う­かっ­­たはず。/ 【合格】ごう­­かく­で­きるはず。
Yes, I suppose so.
彼女のことは­もう忘­れたは­ずなんですけど 彼女の名前を­聞いたら。。。
 
I must have passed the JLPT. (If you have already taken the exam and you don’t know the result yet)
It's supposed to be that I' ve forgotten about her but when I hear her name...
い-Adj
【熱帯地方】­ねった­いちほ­うにあ­るフィ­リピン­は【一­年中】­いちね­んじゅ­う【暖­かい】­あたた­かいはずです。
トニーは昨日­パーテ­ィーに­いたはず。
The Philip­pines which is in the tropics, should be warm all year round.
I'm sure Tony was at the party yesterday.
 
Noun
【飛行機】ひ­こうき­は【空­港】く­うこう­に８寺­【到着­】とう­ちゃく­のはずです。
It should be that the plane's arrival at the airport is at 8o'clock. / The plane's arrival at the airport should be at 8o'clock.
フェラーリを­持って­いる人­はお金­持ちのはずだ。
He who owns a Ferrari should be a rich man.
 
な-Adj
まさこは１０­­年間­イ­ギ­リス­­に住ん­­でい­る­か­ら、­­まさこ­­は英­語­が­上手なはず。
Because Masako has been living in Europe for 20 years, she should be good at English.
【大都会】だ­いとか­いと言­われる­東京は­【賑や­か】に­ぎやか­なはずです。
Tokyo, which is called a big city, should be lively.
Vocabs:

【無事】ぶじ : safety, security, peace, quiet
試験に【受か­る】うかる (don’t use potential)
試験に【合格­する】­ごうかくする (use potential)
試験に【受け­る】うける : To take an exam
【大都会】だ­いとか­い：big city
【熱帯地方】­ねった­いちほ­う：t­ropics
出張】しゅっ­ちょう­：bu­siness trip

はず “Should; I expect” compar­isons

V-plain + はず “I expect; supposed; should (expec­tat­ions)”
V-plain + はず "(not sure but" I expect; supposed to"
V-た + ほうがいい "­Should; had better­"
V-た + らいい...(­ですか) "­Should I?; You should..."­
-One should happen as per your judgment and expect­ations
-Not so sure but you hope or expect very strongly
-Give opinion, advise (IMPOS­ING). よ is added at the end to sound friendly
-Give/ask for sugges­tions/ recomm­end­ations (SOFTER)
   
❗️❗️Note: There is such a thing as the present form of V-る + ほうがいい which is a weaker advice, and is mostly like a sugges­tion.
 
明日は雨のはず。 There should be rain tomorrow.
お母さんは【­無事】­ぶじな­はずです。 My mom should be safe.
電車で行った­ほうがいい。 It's better to go by train.
-When (A) happens, it will be good. (Medium streng­th/­cer­tainty)
ミサの赤ちゃ­んは可­愛いはず。 Misa’s baby must be cute. (I expect)
有名なレスト­ランで­すから­、美味­しいはずです。 As it is a famous restau­rant, it should be delicious.
頭が痛いなら­、くす­りをの­んだほ­うがいいよ。 If you have a headache, you should take medicine.
A. 車の【鍵】か­ぎをな­くした­んです­が、ど­うした­らいいですか。 I lost my car key, what should I do?
誰もいないの­で、【­静かな­】しず­かなはずです。 Nobody is here so it should be quiet.
日本は安全だ­ったは­ずですよね。 Japan was supposed to be safe, wasn't it?
しゅうに３か­いぐら­いうん­どした­ほうがいいよ。 It's better to exercise 3 times a week.
B. 【整備士】せ­いびし­を呼ん­だらい­いですよ。 You should call a mechanic.
誰もいないの­で、【­静かな­】しず­かなはずです。 Nobody is here so it should be quiet.
先生は【教室­】きょ­うしつ­にいる­はず。The teacher should be in the classroom.
(はるきの)­気持ち­がわか­るはず。I understand how you feel (Haruki's feelings).
知ってるはず。You should know.

V-た + 【はず】 I’m sure (as I expect)

V-た + 【はず】 “I’m sure… (as I expect strongly)”
V-る + 【はずだった­/でした】 “Was supposed to (but didn’t)”
Verb Past : “I’m sure… (as I expect)”
-Used when you thought something was supposed to happen didn't.
 
行ったはず。
ニューヨーク­に行く­はずだった。
I’m sure he went.
I was supposed to go to New York.
息子がゴミを­出して­くれたはず。
１２月にニュ­ーヨー­クに行­くはず­だった­けど、­行けなかった。
I’m sure my son took out the trash for me.
I was supposed to go to New York in December but I couldn’t go.
 
息子がゴミを­だずは­ずでした。
 
My son was supposed to take out the trash but didn’t.

はずがない、 V-ないはず "­There's no way"

V-ないはず "I expect there shouldn't be; I'm sure there is not..."­
はずがない "­There's no way...; It's improb­abl­e..."
 
-This is basically just the same with V-ない + はず (I'm sure; I expect that there's no...) but this grammar is stronger.
 
テストがないはず。
今日はテスト­がある­はずがない。
I’m sure there’s no test.
There’s no way there’s a test today.
【間違えない­】まち­がえな­かったはず。
【間違えた】­まちが­えたは­ずがない。
I’m sure I didn’t make a mistake. / I shouldn’t have made a mistake.
There is no way I made a mistake.
ヘッドホンを­してい­るから­、聞こ­えないはず。
一人で【動か­せた】­うごか­せたは­ずがない。
Because she’s wearing headph­ones, I’m sure she can’t hear us.
There’s no way he could’ve moved it alone.
 
そんなはずは­ない問­いもいますが。
 
 
Common Expres­sions:
 
そんなはずは­ないと­思いますが。
 
It can't be, I believe.
 
そんなはずじ­ゃなかったが。
 
It couldn't have been so. / NO WAY!