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べき / V-たほが / はず "Should"べき / V-たほが / はず "Should"
This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.
はず “Should; I expect” MEANINGS
Formation: |
Verb (dictionary form) + はず |
V-ない + はず (Should not be; I expect is not...) |
V-た + はず (I'm sure one did something; should have done...) |
い-adjective |
Noun + の |
な-adjective + な |
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1.1 meaning. “Should; I expect” is used for expectations, not suggestions or advice. It should happen based on your judgment |
まさこは１０年間イギリスに住んでいるから、まさこは英語が上手なはず。 Because Masako has been living in Europe for 20 years, she should be good at English. |
てつやは【約束】やくそくしたから、来るはず。 Tetsuya promised, so he is supposed to come. (Because Tetsuya promised, I expect him to come.) |
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1.2 meaning. "It should be; I expect; It's supposed to be" Not so sure but you hope or expect very strongly |
毎日日本語を勉強したから、日本語【能力試験】のうりょくしけんに【受かる】うかるはず。/ 【合格】ごうかくできるはず。 Because I studied Japanese everyday, I’m sure I can pass the JLPT. |
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毎日日本語を勉強したから、日本語【能力試験】のうりょくしけんに【受かる】うかったはず。/ 【合格】ごうかくできるはず。 I must have passed the JLPT. (If you have already taken the exam and you don’t know the result yet) |
トニーは昨日パーティーにいたはず。I'm sure Tony was at the party yesterday. |
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Vocabs:
【無事】ぶじ : safety, security, peace, quiet
試験に【受かる】うかる (don’t use potential)
試験に【合格する】ごうかくする (use potential)
試験に【受ける】うける : To take an exam
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はず “Should; I expect” comparisons
V-plain + はず “I expect; supposed; should (expectations)” |
V-plain + はず "(not sure but" I expect; supposed to" |
V-た + ほうがいい "Should; had better" |
V-た + らいい...(ですか) "Should I?; You should..." |
-One should happen as per your judgment and expectations |
-Not so sure but you hope or expect very strongly |
-Give opinion, advise (IMPOSING). よ is added at the end to sound friendly |
-Give/ask for suggestions/ recommendations (SOFTER) |
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明日は雨のはず。 There should be rain tomorrow. |
お母さんは【無事】ぶじなはずです。 My mom should be safe. |
電車で行ったほうがいい。 It's better to go by train. |
-When (A) happens, it will be good. (Medium strength/certainty) |
ミサの赤ちゃんは可愛いはず。 Misa’s baby must be cute. (I expect) |
有名なレストランですから、美味しいはずです。 As it is a famous restaurant, it should be delicious. |
頭が痛いなら、くすりをのんだほうがいいよ。 If you have a headache, you should take medicine. |
A. 車の【鍵】かぎをなくしたんですが、どうしたらいいですか。 I lost my car key, what should I do? |
誰もいないので、【静かな】しずかなはずです。 Nobody is here so it should be quiet. |
日本は安全だったはずですよね。 Japan was supposed to be safe, wasn't it? |
しゅうに３かいぐらいうんどしたほうがいいよ。 It's better to exercise 3 times a week. |
B. 【整備士】せいびしを呼んだらいいですよ。 You should call a mechanic. |
誰もいないので、【静かな】しずかなはずです。 Nobody is here so it should be quiet. |
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先生は【教室】きょうしつにいるはず。The teacher should be in the classroom. |
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(はるきの)気持ちがわかるはず。I understand how you feel (Haruki's feelings). |
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知ってるはず。You should know. |
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V-た + 【はず】 I’m sure (as I expect)
V-た + 【はず】 “I’m sure… (as I expect strongly)” |
V-る + 【はずだった/でした】 “Was supposed to (but didn’t)” |
Verb Past : “I’m sure… (as I expect)” |
-Used when you thought something was supposed to happen didn't. |
Verb Present : “I was supposed to; I expected…” |
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行ったはず。 I’m sure he went. |
ニューヨークに行くはずだった。 I was supposed to go to New York. |
息子がゴミを出してくれたはず。 I’m sure my son took out the trash for me. |
１２月にニューヨークに行くはずだったけど、行けなかった。 I was supposed to go to New York in December but I couldn’t go. |
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息子がゴミをだずはずでした。 My son was supposed to take out the trash but didn’t. |
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はずがない vs V-ないはzy "There 's no way"
V-ないはず "I expect there shouldn't be; I'm sure there is not..." |
はずがない "There's no way..." |
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-This is basically just the same with V-ない + はず (I'm sure; I expect that there's no...) but this grammar is stronger. |
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テストがないはず。 I’m sure there’s no test. |
今日はテストがあるはずがない。 There’s no way there’s a test today. |
【間違えない】まちがえなかったはず。 I’m sure I didn’t make a mistake. / I shouldn’t have made a mistake. |
【間違えた】まちがえたはずがない。 There is no way I made a mistake. |
ヘッドホンをしているから、聞こえないはず。 Because she’s wearing headphones, I’m sure she can’t hear us. |
一人で【動かせた】うごかせたはずがない。 There’s no way he could’ve moved it alone. |
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