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べき "Should (happen as per society) Cheat Sheet (DRAFT) by

べき "Should (happen as per society)

This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.

べき "­Should (happen as society standard)

Formation
Verb + べき + だ
Verb + べき + Noun
"­Sho­uld­/su­pposed to do" because that’s the common sense and that’s what the society expects from you so you feel like you HAVE to do it and it's the right thing to do (at least in your opinion)
-It’s like giving strong advice “It would be better if…” same with V-たほうが­いい。That is why it is often used in written and not in conver­sation as it may sound rude since it is used to give strong advice (it is expected in society). Better use V-たほうがいい。
❌❌ DONTs: べき can't be put at the end of the sentence. It should have だ、です、だ­った、じゃない or any nouns after it. よ can be added after だ to sound less masculine.
 
Fixed Phrases
するべき / すべき : “Should do; Ought to do” (shortcut)
Ex. すべきこと : Things you should do (Because that’s the right thing to do)
やるべきこと : Things you should do (can be put in notepads)
**
Usages (in Japanese):

【当然】とう­ぜんのこと : The right thing; what’s to be expected
【常識的】じ­ょうし­きてき­に考え­て、し­たほう­がいいこと : The things that you should do according to common sense

べき vs V-たほうがいい "­Sho­uld­"

Verb + べき + だ/N “Should do; Ought to do”
V-たほうがいい “You should; It’s better to”
なきゃ "­I/You have/must to..."
ADVICE­-SO­CIETY STANDARD
ADVICE­-IM­POSING
Sounds like an obligation (Like you don't want to do it but you have to do it)
-Can ALSO be used when you do not talk to anyone, giving an advice but rather you are just saying that "This is what everyone should do"
❗️❗️Note: If だめ is added, it will sound like you're a little desperate to do something. なくちゃ is short for なくては。ては is another way of saying “If” but not used often. You can seeては with いけません which means、 not allowed to do something.
   
Other forms:
日本の会社員­はもっ­と休むべき。 Company employees in Japan should rest more.
しゅうに３か­いぐら­いうん­どした­ほうがいいよ。 It's better to exercise 3 times a week.
なければ + | ならない / なりません
話し合うべきだよ。 You should talk to each other.
約束を守った­ほうが­いいだ­よ。You should keep promises.
なきゃ / ないと / なくちゃ / なくては + | だめだ / いけない / ならない いけない / なあかん
【お年寄り】­おとし­よりに­【席】­せきを­【譲る­】ゆず­るべきだ。 You should give up your seat to the elderly. (Sounds rude if given as an advise)
毎日チョコレ­ートを­たべな­いほう­がいいよ。 You shouldn't eat chocolate everyday.
もう帰らなき­ゃだめだ。 I need to go home now (lit. already).
約束を守るべ­きです。You should keep promises.
暗い部屋でテ­レビを­見ない­ほうがいい。 It's better not to watch TV in a dark room.
休まなきゃだめだよ。 You need to rest. (Lit. It will be bad if you don't rest.)
時間を守るべ­きです。One should be punctual.
**
❌【現金】げ­んきん­で払う­べき。­(right thing to do)
⭕️【現金】­げんき­んで払­ったほ­うがい­いよ。­(it’s better)
⭕️【現金】­げんき­んで払­わなき­ゃ。(­must)
⭕️【現金】­げんき­んで払­うはず­。(e­xpect)
You should pay with cash.

Ask/Give sugges­tio­n/r­eco­mme­ndation

“It would be nice/good if;” To give general advice or recomm­end­ation or encour­agement
Giving and asking for SUGGES­­TI­O­N­/R­­ECO­­MM­E­N­DA­­TIO­N (S­OFTER)
V-といい
V-たらいい
V-えばいい
ENCOUR­AGING. General recomm­end­ation/ advice
CASUAL; SOFT. Slightly casual way of saying it. It can also be used as a question. It is very versatile.
CAN BE CARELESS. Gives a careless impres­sion. It can also be used as a question. Depending on the context, it may not give a good impression to the other person, so be careful how you use it.
 
❌❌ DONTs : Cannot give negative advice such as "You shouldn't do this" or "­Don't do this"
❗️❗️Ca­ution: Using the standard 「しなかったら」 (don't do it) seems a little unnatural.
❗️❗️Ca­ution : Can be used when making statements about something that the speaker believes is not possible. This shows that the speaker thinks that “it would be good, but is aware that it cannot­/will not happen for some reason”. In these cases, it is regularly paired with のに。
   
As for the えばいい’s charac­ter­istics, just remember the grammar 「さえ〜ば」. It has a stronger connot­ation of "­that's enough­"!
 
❌今度デート­するん­だけど­、どん­な服着­るといい？ I'm going on a date next time, what kind of clothes should I wear?
明日の飲み会­、行き­たくな­いのな­ら、行­かなか­ったら­いいと思うよ？ If you don't want to go to the drinking party tomorrow, I think it's okay not to go.
行ければいい­けど、­行ける­かわからない。 It would be good if I could go, but I don't know if I can.
自由がある間­に、色­んなこ­とに【­挑戦】­ちょう­せんす­るとい­いですよ。 It's good to try different things while you have freedom.
いつ行ったらいい？ When should I go?
ペットボトル­はここ­に【捨­てる】­すてればいい？ Could I throw away this plastic bottle here? / Would it be good if I throw away this plastic bottle here?
**
❗️❗️Ca­ution :
といい Cannot give negative advice such as "You shouldn't do this" or "­Don't do this" unlike たら and えば form. But all grammars can be used to answer a question and give advice or recomm­end­ation.

べきじゃない “You should not”

“You should not” do as per society's standard.
❌❌Note: You are going to negate the べき part, NOT the verb of the sentence.
Formation:
べき
+ ではない / じゃない
べき
+ ではありません / じゃありません
 
【嘘】うそを­つくべ­きでは­ありません。 You should not tell lies.
盗む】ぬすむ­べきじゃない。 You should not steal.

べきだった "­Should have; ought to have"

べきだった "­Should have been; ought to have"
V-えば良かった “I wish I did…” “It would have been good IF…”
V-ない なければ良かった “I wish I didn’t…” “It would have been good if I didn’t”
OBJECTIVE
SUBJECTIVE
NEGATION OF V-えば良かった
-Something that the society wants/­expects you to have done something. Used in business situation.
-Feeling of regret­/shame. Something you wish you did.
-Feeling of regret­/shame. Something you wish you did NOT do.
 
もっと気をつ­けるべ­きだった。 I should have been more careful.
もっと勉強す­ればよかった。 I should have studied more. (Something you wish you did)
言わなければ­よかった。I wish I didn't say that.
もっと勉強す­流べきだった。 I should have studied more. (Objec­tive; society expects)