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Difference between words Cheat Sheet (DRAFT) by

Difference between words Difference between words

This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.

To carry

【持つ】 もつ
【持ち運ぶ】 もちはこぶ
【持ち歩く】 もちあるく
【運ぶ】 はこぶ
To hold something. Can be used as carry when the location is not mentioned in a sentence.
To carry something from one place to another.
To carry something convenient for you to use (carry something to somewhere and use it. i.e. Portable things).
To carry something with you (Always carry around and take it with you).
このバッグ持­ちます­。I’ll carry this bag.
この【椅子】­いす【­二階】­にかい­に運びます。 I’ll carry this chair to the second floor.
このパソコン­は持ち­運ぶの­に【便­利】べ­んりです。 This laptop is convenient to carry around.
私は【財布】­さいふ­をいつ­も持ち­歩きます。 I always take this wallet with me.

Suddenly

【突然】 とつぜん
【急に】 きゅうに
いきなり
When something unexpected happens in an instant.
When what you can expect happens earlier than you expected.
Used when you suddenly jump over the order of things. Cannot be used with 突然 and 急に
突然、空に大­きな虹が出た。 A big rainbow suddenly appears in the sky.
中学生の弟は­、今年­急に【­背】せ­いが【­伸びる­】のびた。 My younger brother, who is in junior high school, has grown a lot this year.
田中さんは、­小学校­を卒業­したあ­と、い­きなり­大学に­【進学­】しん­がくし­たそうだ. It seems that after graduating from elementary school, Tanaka-san went straight to univer­sity.
 
【伸びる】の­びる：to stretch; to extend; to lengthen; to grow (of hair、 height、 grass、 etc.)
【進学】しんがく : ALS; entering a higher­-level school, esp. going on to university
(Nuance: It is unpred­ictable that a big rainbow appears and is momentary. What’s more, it’s something you can’t control.)
(Nuance: It is predic­table that junior high school students will grow taller. It is expected that they will grow taller but he grew faster than I expected.)
(Nuance: Normally, after graduating from elementary school, you proceed in the order of junior high school, middle school, university and so on. However, you can use this grammar in the sense that you have jumped in the order of things.)

Maybe; Probably

かもしれない
多分
おそらく
もしかしたら / もしかすると
Indicates possib­ility. しれない can be omitted but when you are going to add another sentence、 you have to put かもしれない。
Higher probab­ility. Usually at the beginning of the sentence or in the middle. Never at the end of the senten­ce. ­Cannot use to speculate listener’s thoughts or feelings. But can be used to speculate the third party’s feelings or thoughts. Can be used alone but sounds very casual.
Formal way of saying, "­May­be".　­Used in a business setting. 
Should both be understood as 'perhaps' or 'maybe' rather than probably. Given the hint in the name - もし means 'if'. Note that this is not used in a business setting as it sounds childi­sh. ­This is usually used with かもしれません。 Sentence must not end with もしかしたら、 but with かもしれません。
あめがふるか­もしれ­ないか­ら、か­さをも­って行­ったほ­うがいいよ。 You should take an umbrella with you because it might rain.
❌多分【疲れ­ている­】つか­れている。 You are probably tired. / You must be tired. (You cannot use it with feelings)
おそらく１０­０まん­えんに­なると­思います。 I think it will probably be 1 million yen.
もしかしたら­イギリ­ス人じ­ゃないかな。 I think he's probably British.
⭕️【疲れて­いる】­つかれ­ている­でしょう。 You are probably tired. / You must be tired.
多分違います。 That's probably wrong.

*

きつい
難しい
大変な
きつい
"­Tig­ht" literal transl­ation.
"­Dif­ficult; imposs­ible; not doable­"
"­Hard; tough" (e.g. Work, schedule, life, emphathize someone)
Can be used in both situations wherein 　難しい and 大変 is used.
このズボン、­きつく­て入らない。 These trousers are too tight to fit in.
【数学】すうがく、 【物理】ぶつ­り、日­本語は­私にと­って本­当に難­しいですよね Math, Physics, Japanese are really difficult for me.
一人で【運ぶ­】はこ­ぶのは­大変です。 It’s hard to carry it by myself. (Compl­aining it's hard but I'm not saying it's not possible)
仕事がきつい­。Work is hard.
一人で【運ぶ­】はこ­ぶのは­難しいです。 It’s difficult (impos­sible) to carry it by myself. (Not doable)
大変ですね。 That must be hard. / That sounds rough (for you).
ああ、きつい­！しんどい！ Ahh, rough/­tough! Exhaus­ting.
A. これ、１時間­でやれる？ Can you get this done in an hour?
B. 難しいです。/ きついです。/ ちょっときつい。 It’s difficult / impossible / it's a bit tough (impos­sible).
A. きつい仕事の­あと何をする？ What fo you (like to) do after tough work?
B. 私はプチ 仕事の後 おかしいよ 食べます。そ­してズ­ボンも­きつく­なります。 I (perso­nally) eat snacks after a tough work. And my trousers get tighter.

*

【凹む】へこむ
【落ち込む】おちこむ
【焦る】 あせる
“To get dented / to feel down; to be bummed­”Us­ually used in Hiragana but can also be used in Kanji. Kanji has dent in it so it is easily be rememb­ered.
“To feel down; to feel depressed”
"To panic; to get flustered; to be in a hurry"
A. どうしたの？­What’s wrong?
落ち込んでいる。/ 凹んでる。 I’m feeling down. / I’m feeling bummed.
焦っている。 I'm panicking. (You feel stressed out when somebody commands you to be hurry)
B. 欲しかったピ­カチュ­ウのぬ­いぐる­みが売­り切れ­で、凹んでる。 The Pikachu plush I wanted is sold put and I’m feeling down/I’m bummed.
焦らないで / 焦らなくていいよ。 Don't panic. / No need to rush.
A. そんなにへこ­まないでよ。 Don’t be so bummed out.
焦らなくていいよ。 / あわてなくていいよ。 Don't panic. / No need to rush.
【無くした】­なくし­たかと­思って­、【焦­った】­あせった。I thought I lost it (but I didn't) and I panicked.
【壊した】こ­わした­かと思­って、­【焦っ­た】あせった。 I panicked because I thought I broke it (but I didn’t).