Cheatography
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Difference between words Difference between words
This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.
To carry
【持つ】 もつ |
【持ち運ぶ】 もちはこぶ |
【持ち歩く】 もちあるく |
【運ぶ】 はこぶ |
To hold something. Can be used as carry when the location is not mentioned in a sentence. |
To carry something from one place to another. |
To carry something convenient for you to use (carry something to somewhere and use it. i.e. Portable things). |
To carry something with you (Always carry around and take it with you). |
このバッグ持ちます。I’ll carry this bag. |
この【椅子】いす【二階】にかいに運びます。 I’ll carry this chair to the second floor. |
このパソコンは持ち運ぶのに【便利】べんりです。 This laptop is convenient to carry around. |
私は【財布】さいふをいつも持ち歩きます。 I always take this wallet with me. |
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Suddenly
【突然】 とつぜん |
【急に】 きゅうに |
いきなり |
When something unexpected happens in an instant. |
When what you can expect happens earlier than you expected. |
Used when you suddenly jump over the order of things. Cannot be used with 突然 and 急に |
突然、空に大きな虹が出た。 A big rainbow suddenly appears in the sky. |
中学生の弟は、今年急に【背】せいが【伸びる】のびた。 My younger brother, who is in junior high school, has grown a lot this year. |
田中さんは、小学校を卒業したあと、いきなり大学に【進学】しんがくしたそうだ. It seems that after graduating from elementary school, Tanaka-san went straight to university. |
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【伸びる】のびる:to stretch; to extend; to lengthen; to grow (of hair、 height、 grass、 etc.) |
【進学】しんがく : ALS; entering a higher-level school, esp. going on to university |
(Nuance: It is unpredictable that a big rainbow appears and is momentary. What’s more, it’s something you can’t control.) |
(Nuance: It is predictable that junior high school students will grow taller. It is expected that they will grow taller but he grew faster than I expected.) |
(Nuance: Normally, after graduating from elementary school, you proceed in the order of junior high school, middle school, university and so on. However, you can use this grammar in the sense that you have jumped in the order of things.) |
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Maybe; Probably
かもしれない |
多分 |
おそらく |
もしかしたら / もしかすると |
Indicates possibility. しれない can be omitted but when you are going to add another sentence、 you have to put かもしれない。 |
Higher probability. Usually at the beginning of the sentence or in the middle. Never at the end of the sentence. Cannot use to speculate listener’s thoughts or feelings. But can be used to speculate the third party’s feelings or thoughts. Can be used alone but sounds very casual. |
Formal way of saying, "Maybe". Used in a business setting. |
Should both be understood as 'perhaps' or 'maybe' rather than probably. Given the hint in the name - もし means 'if'. Note that this is not used in a business setting as it sounds childish. This is usually used with かもしれません。 Sentence must not end with もしかしたら、 but with かもしれません。 |
あめがふるかもしれないから、かさをもって行ったほうがいいよ。 You should take an umbrella with you because it might rain. |
❌多分【疲れている】つかれている。 You are probably tired. / You must be tired. (You cannot use it with feelings) |
おそらく100まんえんになると思います。 I think it will probably be 1 million yen. |
もしかしたらイギリス人じゃないかな。 I think he's probably British. |
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⭕️【疲れている】つかれているでしょう。 You are probably tired. / You must be tired. |
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多分違います。 That's probably wrong. |
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きつい |
難しい |
大変な |
きつい |
"Tight" literal translation. |
"Difficult; impossible; not doable" |
"Hard; tough" (e.g. Work, schedule, life, emphathize someone) |
Can be used in both situations wherein 難しい and 大変 is used. |
このズボン、きつくて入らない。 These trousers are too tight to fit in. |
【数学】すうがく、 【物理】ぶつり、日本語は私にとって本当に難しいですよね Math, Physics, Japanese are really difficult for me. |
一人で【運ぶ】はこぶのは大変です。 It’s hard to carry it by myself. (Complaining it's hard but I'm not saying it's not possible) |
仕事がきつい。Work is hard. |
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一人で【運ぶ】はこぶのは難しいです。 It’s difficult (impossible) to carry it by myself. (Not doable) |
大変ですね。 That must be hard. / That sounds rough (for you). |
ああ、きつい!しんどい! Ahh, rough/tough! Exhausting. |
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A. これ、1時間でやれる? Can you get this done in an hour? |
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B. 難しいです。/ きついです。/ ちょっときつい。 It’s difficult / impossible / it's a bit tough (impossible). |
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A. きつい仕事のあと何をする? What fo you (like to) do after tough work? |
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B. 私はプチ 仕事の後 おかしいよ 食べます。そしてズボンもきつくなります。 I (personally) eat snacks after a tough work. And my trousers get tighter. |
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*
【凹む】へこむ |
【落ち込む】おちこむ |
【焦る】 あせる |
“To get dented / to feel down; to be bummed”Usually used in Hiragana but can also be used in Kanji. Kanji has dent in it so it is easily be remembered. |
“To feel down; to feel depressed” |
"To panic; to get flustered; to be in a hurry" |
A. どうしたの?What’s wrong? |
落ち込んでいる。/ 凹んでる。 I’m feeling down. / I’m feeling bummed. |
焦っている。 I'm panicking. (You feel stressed out when somebody commands you to be hurry) |
B. 欲しかったピカチュウのぬいぐるみが売り切れで、凹んでる。 The Pikachu plush I wanted is sold put and I’m feeling down/I’m bummed. |
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焦らないで / 焦らなくていいよ。 Don't panic. / No need to rush. |
A. そんなにへこまないでよ。 Don’t be so bummed out. |
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焦らなくていいよ。 / あわてなくていいよ。 Don't panic. / No need to rush. |
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【無くした】なくしたかと思って、【焦った】あせった。I thought I lost it (but I didn't) and I panicked. |
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【壊した】こわしたかと思って、【焦った】あせった。 I panicked because I thought I broke it (but I didn’t). |
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