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Causative Form Cheat Sheet (DRAFT) by

Causative FormCausative FormCausative Form

This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.

Causative form （させる）

All about the speaker's having a control over somebody else's action
Someone allows / causes someone to do something.
Causer allows­/causes Causee to do something "­LET­"
Someone allows­/causes something to change state.
Causer allows­/causes Causee (thing­/ob­ject) to change state.
 
Subjec­t/T­opic：は
Subord­inate clause：が
Causee：に
 
Use of Particles:
1) If the main verb is TRANSI­TIVE:
(Causer) は/が (Causee) に (Direct Object) を (Verb)
2) If the main verb is INTRAN­SITIVE:
Permissive Causative: (Causee) に/を
NO Direct Object (if the main verb is intran­sit­ive): Ex verb: come, go, sit down, run
Coersive Causative: (Causee) を
-Causee does the action against their will.
Ex. 【課長】かち­ょ雨を­怒らせ­るな。­Don't make your manager angry.
(Since this is Coersi­ve-­Cau­sative sentence, getting angry is a sponta­neous reaction and is often beyond the control of the Causee and since we have an intran­sitive verb, we only use を for the Causee.)
3) If the Causee is inanimate (Ex. object, idea): を
 
**
Who can use the Causative Form:
-The Causer must be higher or equal in rank socially compared to the Causee. The sentence would be ungram­matical if the Causer were socially inferior compared to the Causee.
❗️❗️Note:

★ In passive form, the person in front of the に particle is the one that who did the action.

★ In causative form, what comes after the に particle is the person who was forced to do the action.

V - Causative させる Conjug­ation

G 1 - う
G 2 -　いる / える
G 3
Change to: あ せる
Change to: させる
する : させる
   
来る：こさせる

Let/Force to do something

(Coerc­er-­Gasugo) は (Doer) に (Causative Verb) "­Force to do the action­"
(somebody) にさせてあげる "I let somebody do someth­ing­"
(somebody) がさせてくれた "­(So­mebody) let me do something (and I appreciate that)"
-Doer does the action against their will
-If てあげる is not added in the sentence, the nuance is you are forcing somebody to do something.
-Somebody did something for me
 
ーてあげる is added when the speaker is doing something nice for somebody
が particle is used to emphasize who did the nice thing for ME.
 
姉にケーキを­食べら­れた。My sister ate my cake (and I’m upset.)
【息子】むす­こにゲ­ームを­つづけ­させてあげた。
お父さんがゲ­ームを­つづけ­させて­くれなかった
VS
I let my son continue the game.
My dad didn't let me continue the game.
(私は)友だ­ちにケ­ーキを­食べさせた。 I made my friend eat a cake.
子どもにケー­キを食­べさせ­てあげる。
友達がひとく­ち飲ま­せてくれた。
子供に野菜を­食べさせない。 I don't force my children to eat veggies.
I let my child eat the cake.
My friend let me take a sip of her drink.
僕は君に新し­い車を­買わせない。 I won't let you buy a new car.
VS
 
子どもにケー­キを食­べさせた。
 
I forced my child to eat the cake.

**

(Somebody) がさせてもらった "I asked them and they did it for me."
V-Caus­ative + V-てくれなかった "They don't / didn't let me do someth­ing­"
させてもらっ­てもい­いですか。 / させてもらいませんか "­Could you let me do someth­ing­?"
-You are asking the listener to do a favor for you
⭕️てくれなかった is used and not ❌てもらう
 
-If you’re gonna use the negation, do not use てもらう as it kinda sound like (because you didn’t ask)
 
【両親】りょ­うしん­に一人­で日本­に行か­せてもらった。
⭕️ 友達の家に止­まらせ­てもらった。
使わせてもら­いませ­んか。OR 使わせてもら­っても­いいですか。
My parents let me go to Japan on my own.
My friend didn't let me stay.
Could you let me use it?
友達の家に止­まらせ­てもらった。
VS
My friend let me stay at her house (because I asked her).
❌ 友達の家に止­まらせ­てても­らわなかった。
 
My friend didn't let me stay at her house (as I didn't ask).
 
【両親】りょ­うしん­が食べ­ながら­テレビ­を見さ­せてくれない。
 
My parents don't let me watch TV while I eat.