CH.11 VOCAB - NOUNS: La Salud y el bienestar
la boca |
mouth |
el brazo |
arm |
la cabeza |
head |
la cara |
face |
el cerebro |
brain |
el corazón |
heart |
el cuello |
neck |
el cuerpo humano |
human body |
el dedo (de la mano) |
finger |
el dedo del pie |
toe |
el diente |
tooth |
el estómago |
stomach |
la garganta |
throat |
la lengua |
tongue |
la mano |
hand |
la muela |
molar (tooth) |
la nariz (narices) |
nose (noses) |
el oído |
inner ear |
el ojo |
eye |
la oreja |
outer ear |
el pie |
foot |
la pierna |
leg |
los pulmones |
lungs |
la sangre |
blood |
la salud |
health |
CH.12 VOCAB - NOUNS: ¿Donde vive usted? + 2 verbs
las afueras |
outskirts; suburbs |
el alquiler - alquilar |
rent - to rent |
el ascensor |
elevator |
la avenida |
avenue |
el barrio |
neighborhood |
la calefacción |
heat (residential) |
la calle |
street |
la dirección |
address |
el edificio de apartamentos |
apartment building |
la electricidad |
electricity |
la farmacia |
pharmacy |
el gas |
gas (residential) |
el gasto |
expense (the cost of something) |
el gimnasio |
gym |
mudarse |
to move (oneself's residence) |
la parada del autobús |
bus stop |
la parada del metro |
subway stop |
el piso |
floor (of a building) |
• el primer piso |
• first floor (second story) |
• el segundo piso |
• second floor (third story) |
la planta baja |
ground floor |
la residencia de ancianos |
nursing home |
la vista (a, de) |
view (of) |
la zona |
zone; area |
| |
(PEOPLE) |
el/la dueño/a |
owner/landlord/landlady |
el/la inquilino/a |
tentant; renter |
el/la portero/a |
doorman; building manager |
el/la vecino/a |
neighbor |
el supermercado |
supermarket |
Informal Commands for TÚ
AFFERMATIVE tú commands (usted form of the verb in present indicative) |
-ar |
-a |
-er/-ir |
-e |
INFORMAL AFFERMATIVE tú commands |
decir |
di |
hacer |
haz |
ir |
ve |
poner |
pon |
salir |
sal |
ser |
sé |
tener |
ten |
venir |
ven |
Affermative; ATTATCH pronouns to the end of verb (ex) dilo=say it) |
ACCENTS! - when saying an affermative informal command ONLY with a pronoun that has 3 syllables, add an accent on the first syllable |
NEGATIVE tú commands (opposite vowel of regular tú conjugation) |
-ar |
-es |
-er/-ir |
-as |
dar |
no des |
estar |
no estés |
ir |
no vayas |
saber |
no sepas |
ser |
no seas |
verbs with irregular yo forms have that form in negative commands: decir=no digas, poner=no pongas |
-car |
no ___-ques |
-gar |
no ___-gues |
-zar |
no ___-ces |
Negative; place pronouns BEFORE the verb (ex) No me lo digas=Don't tell me it) |
que, quien(es), lo que
- Que (what) can refer to people or things.
- Quien(es) (who/m) only for people and ONLY use after a preposition, or when the clause is set off by commas.
- Lo que (what/that which) refers to abstract concepts or ideas, translating as "what" or "the thing that." |
Direct and Indirect Object Pronouns
Direct Object Pronouns: |
Indirect Object Pronouns: |
me (me) |
me (to/for me) |
te (you) |
te (to/for you) |
lo (him, it - masc.) |
le (to/for him, her, it) |
la (her, it - fem.) |
nos (to/for us) |
nos (us) |
os (to/for you all) |
os (you all) |
les (to/for them) |
los (them - masc.) |
|
las (them - fem.) |
|
• Use direct object pronouns to replace the noun that directly receives the action. |
• Use indirect object pronouns to replace the noun that indicates to/for whom the action is intended. |
Placement:
1. Before Verb: Simple Present, Past Tense, Negative Commands
Ex: "Ella me ve." (She sees me.)
Ex: "Nos llamaron." (They called us.)
Ex: "No me hables." (Don’t talk to me.)
2. Attached to Verb: Infinitives, Gerunds, Affirmative Commands
Ex: "Voy a explicártelo." (I’m going to explain it to you.)
Ex: "Estoy contándote un secreto." (I’m telling you a secret.)
Ex: "Tráemelo." (Bring it to me.)
|
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CH.11 VOCAB - NOUNS: ¿Cómo se cuida usted?
los anteojos/lentes/lentes de contacto |
glasses/lenses/contact lenses |
el antibiótico |
antibiotic |
la caminadora |
treadmil |
la cita |
appointment; date |
el cuidado |
care; caution adjective in some contexts (e.g., "cuidado" as in "careful") |
el dolor (de)... |
pain, ache (in)... |
la enfermedad |
illness |
la fiebre |
fever |
la gripe |
flu |
el jarabe |
(cough) syrup |
la medicina |
medicine |
la pastilla |
pill |
la receta |
prescription |
el resfriado |
cold (illness) |
la tos |
cough |
el tratamiento |
treatment |
| |
el/la farmacéutico/a |
pharmacist |
el/la enfermero/a |
nurse |
el/la médico/a |
doctor |
el/la paciente |
patient |
How do you take care of yourself?
CH.12 VOCAB - NOUNS: La tecnología
el archivo |
file (on a computer) |
la arroba |
@ |
los auriculares |
earphones/headphones |
el buscador |
search engine |
el buzón de voz |
voice mailbox |
el canal |
channel |
la carpeta |
folder (on a computer) |
la contraseña |
password |
el correo electrónico/el email |
e-mail |
el disco duro |
hard drive |
el equipo (electrónico) |
(electronic) equipment |
el espacio (de almacenamiento) |
(storage) space |
la (foto)copia |
the (foto)copy |
la impresora |
printer |
la nube |
cloud |
la página web |
web page |
la pantalla (grande/plana) |
(big/flat) screen |
el ratón |
mouse |
la red social |
social network |
el sitio web |
website |
el teléfono fijo/el teléfono celular |
landline/ cell phone |
CH.12 VOCAB - VERBS: La tecnología
almacenar | (ahorrar is similar) |
to store; to save |to save (resources) |
apagar (gu) |
to turn OFF (a machine) |
archivar |
to file/archive |
bajar / descargar (gu) |
to download |
buscar (qu) en internet |
to look up on the internet |
cambiar (de) |
to change |
encender (ie) |
to turn ON (a machine) |
entrar/estar en Facebook/internet |
to go/be on Facebook/online |
fallar |
to "crash" (a computer) |
funcionar |
to work, function, run (a machine) |
grabar |
to record; to tape |
guardar |
to keep; to save (documents) |
imprimir |
to print |
manejar |
to operate (a machine) |
navegar (gu) la red |
to surf the internet |
obtener (like tener) |
to get, obtain |
publicar (qu) |
to post; to publish (publicly) |
subir |
to upload/transfer (privately) |
PAST TENSE
| |
Regular Preterite |
Regular Imperfect |
| |
-ar |
-er/-ir |
-ar |
-er/-ir |
yo |
-é |
-í |
-aba |
-ía |
tú |
-aste |
-iste |
-abas |
-ías |
él/ella/usted |
-ó |
-ió |
-aba |
-ía |
nosotros/as |
-amos |
-imos |
-ábamos |
-íamos |
vosotros/as |
-asteis |
-isteis |
-abais |
-íais |
ellos/ellas/ustedes |
-aron |
-ieron |
-aban |
-ían |
| |
| |
Pretrite Trigger Words: |
Imperfect Trigger Words: |
| |
ayer, anteayer, la semana pasada, el año pasado, esta mañana, ... |
siempre, frecuentemente, todos los días, cada año, ... |
Imperfect: |
• Habitual actions: Cuando era niña comía ensaladas cada fin de semana. |
• Background actions in a story: Había una vez una niña que era muy traviesa. |
• Both simultaneous actions divided by “mientras” |
• Interrupted/incomplete actions: Yo jugaba afuera cuando empezó a llover. |
• Age: Yo/ella/usted tenía |
• Time: Eran las cinco cuando empezó a llover. |
• Emotions: Ella estaba muy triste. |
| |
Preterite: |
-> Actions completed in the past and can no longer happen again. |
IRREGULAR IMPERFECT VERBS
ir |
iba, ibas, iba, íbamos, ibais, iban |
ser |
era, eras, era, éramos, erais, eran |
ver |
veía, veías, veía, veíamos, veíais, veían |
IRREGULAR PRETERITE VERBS
estar (to be) |
estuv- |
-e, -iste, -o, |
poder (to be able to) |
pud- |
-imos, -isteis, -ieron |
poner (to put/place) |
pus- |
(no accents) |
querer (to want) |
quis- |
saber (to know) |
sup- |
tener (to have) |
tuv- |
venir (to come) |
vin- |
haber (to have[not possession]) |
hab- |
|
decir (to say/tell) |
dij- |
-e, -iste, -o, |
traer (to bring) |
traj- |
-imos, -isteis, -eron |
| |
|
(no accents & no "i" in 3rdpp) |
dar (to give) |
di, diste, dio, dimos, disteis, dieron |
ver (to see) |
vi, viste, vio, vimos visteis, vieron |
hacer (to do) |
hice, hiciste, hizo, hicimos, hicisteis, hicieron |
ir/ser (to go|to be) |
fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fuisteis, fueron |
creer (to believe) |
creí, creíste, creyó creímos, creísteis creyeron |
oír (to hear) |
oí, oíste, oyó, oímos, oísteis, oyeron |
leer (to read) |
leí, leíste, leyó, leímos, leísteis, leyeron |
reír (to laugh) |
reí, reíste, rio, reímos, reísteis, rieron |
sonreír (to smile) |
sonreí, sonreíste, sonrio, sonreímos, sonreísteis, sonrieron |
IR e->i and o->ue stem change (o->ue, changes to o->u)
- only change in the 3rd person plural and singular
Pedir: pedí, pediste, pidió pedimos, pedisteis, pidieron
Dormir: dormí, dormiste durmió, dormimos, dormisteis, durmieron
More stem-changing verbs:
consEguir, mOrir, despEdirse, divErtirse, prefErir , sEguir, sEntir, sErvir, sugErir, vEstir
AR (GAR/ZAR/CAR)
- only change the 1st person singular (yo form)
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CH.11 VOCAB - VERBS: ¿Cómo se cuida usted?
cuidar de |
to take care of |
cuidarse |
to take care of oneself |
dejar de + inf. |
to stop (doing something) |
*doler (duele) [used like gustar] |
to hurt, ache (noun: el dolor) |
dormir lo suficiente (duermo) (u) |
to get enough sleep |
enfermarse |
to get sick |
guardar cama |
to stay in bed |
hacer ejercicio |
to exercise; to get exercise |
levantar pesas |
to lift weights |
llevar anteojos/lentes/lentes de contacto |
to wear glasses/lenses/contact lenses |
llevar una vida sana/tranquila |
to lead a healthy/calm life |
*molestar [used like gustar] |
to bother |
practicar (qu) deportes |
to practice sports |
resfriarse (me resfrío) |
to get/catch a cold |
respirar |
to breathe |
sacar (qu) la lengua |
to stick out one's tongue |
tomarle la temperature |
to take someone's temperature |
toser |
to cough |
estar... |
to be... |
• enfermo/a |
• sick |
• mareado/a |
• dizzy; nauseated |
• resfriado/a |
• congested, stuffed up |
• sano/a |
• healthy |
hacer... |
to do... |
• ejercicios aeróbicos |
• aerobics |
• pilates / zumba |
• Pilates / Zumba |
poner(se)... |
to get... |
• una inyección |
• a shot |
• una vacuna (de) |
• a vaccination (against) |
tener ... |
to have... |
• dolor de ... |
• pain/ache in ...(body part) |
• el/la COVID-19 |
• COVID-19 |
• fiebre/tos/gripe/un resfriado |
•a fever/a cough/the flu/a cold |
sentirse... (me siento) (i) |
to feel... |
• bien/mal |
• well/sick |
• enfermo/a |
• sick |
*examples of [used like gustar] |
|
Me duele la cabeza. duele (singular) / duelen (plural) |
My head hurts |
Me molestan los ojos. molesta (singular) / molestan (plural) |
My eyes bother (are bothering) me |
How do you take care of yourself?
Other phrases
eso quiere decir... |
that means... |
esto significa que... |
this means that... |
| |
lo + (adj) |
(describing the general qualities of something) |
lo bueno/malo |
the good/bad (thing/part) |
lo más importante |
the most important (thing/part) |
lo mejor/peor |
the best/worst (thing/part) |
lo menos interesante |
the least interesting (thing/part) |
| |
Relevant review words: |
fumar |
to smoke |
PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE
Endings have "opposite" vowel: |
-ar: |
-e, -es, -e, -emos, -éis, -en |
-er/-ir: |
-a, -as, -a, -amos, -áis, -an |
Structure: first subject (present indicative & represent WEIRDO) + conjuction (que) + second subject (present subjunctive) |
When to use Present Subjunctive: |
Statements that are not a fact/not set in stone, reference WEIRDO |
| |
Trigger words (found in first clause): |
W: wishes and desires |
querer, desear, preferir, insistir (syn. persistir), necesitar |
E: espressions or emotions |
esperar, sentir, alegrarse de, me gusta que |
I: impersonal/general expressions |
(it is ___ que ___) es necesario, es importante |
R: recommendations & requests |
pedir, decir, mandar, ordenar, prohibir, permitir, exigir, recomendar, sugerir |
D: doubt or denial |
dudar, negar, no creer |
O: ojalá |
|
IRREGULAR Present Subjunctive Verbs: |
dar |
dé, des, dé, demos, deis, den |
estar |
esté, estés, esté, estemos, estéis, estén |
ir |
vaya, vayas, vaya, vayamos, vayáis, vayan |
haber |
haya, hayas, haya, hayamos, hayáis, hayan |
saber |
sepa, sepas, sepa, sepamos, sepáis, sepan |
ser |
sea, seas, sea, seamos, seáis, sean |
IRREGULAR YO form SHOWS in ALL forms |
decir |
(dig-) |
hacer |
(hag-) |
oír |
(oig-) |
poner |
(pong-) |
salir |
(salg-) |
tener |
(teng-) |
traer |
(traig-) |
venir |
(veng-) |
ver |
(ve-) |
(check if there are more irregular yo form verbs) |
This rule applies to ALL present subjunctive
-car -> -qu_
-gar -> -gu_
-zar -> -c_
|
