PHAR 3405 Exam 7 Study Guide Cheat Sheet Cheat Sheet (DRAFT) by jamietamn

• Antiem­etics: prevent post-op N/V
• Antich­oli­ner­gics: prevent secretion of fluids
• Short-­acting barbit­urates: rapidly induce anesthesia
• BZDs: relieve anxiety
• Opioids: relieve pain
• Inhalants, barbit­urates, BZDs, etc: maintain anesthesia
• Muscle relaxants: relax muscles

Neurom­uscular blockers
Depola­rizing
Nondep­ola­rizing

Neurom­uscular blockers produce muscle paralysis required for surgery.

Spasmo­lytics
Antisp­astic drugs
Motor nerve blockers

Spasmo­lytics treat muscle hypera­cti­vity.

1. Arrival of the action potential to the synapse causes an influx of Ca²⁺ and the release of ACh.
2. ACh binds to the nicotinic receptors located on the motor end plate.
3. Binding of ACh to the nicotinic receptors causes the channel to open. Subsequent movement of Na⁺ and K⁺ is associated with depola­riz­ation at the end plate membrane.
4. Next, the adjacent muscle membrane is depola­rized and action potential is propagated along the muscle fiber.
5. Muscle contra­ction is initiated by excita­tio­n-c­ont­raction coupling.

Mechanism of action:
Depola­rizing agents: occupy and activate the nicotinic receptor for a prolonged time, leading to blockade (receptor desens­iti­zation)

Nondep­ola­rizing agents: compet­itive antagonism of ACh at nicotinic receptors; action can be reversed by inhibiting AChE and increasing [ACh]

Drugs:
• Suxame­thonium chloride (succi­nyl­cho­line)

• Tubocu­rarine

Tubocu­rar­ine­-type
• Atracurium (30-60 min duration)

Steroi­d-type
• Rocuronium (20-60 min)
• Vecuronium
• Pipecu­ronium
• Pancur­onium (120-180 min)