Columbian Exchange
Starting with Europeans, mainly spaniards, coming to america |
the "old world" presentsed more crops |
brought deadly diseases with them: smallpox, measles, chickenpox, influenza, malaria, yellow fever |
wheat, barley, rice, turnips |
^shows long term effects of the columbian exchange: killed off most of the native population |
Columbian Exchange
The native people suffered from white brutality, alcoholism, & the killing & driving off of game previously used to sustain the population |
^^short term effects of the columbian exchange |
Social Hierarchy of america
viceroy |
high ranking officials of the catholic church |
peninsulares |
pure spaniards that moved from spain to america |
creoles |
decedents of spaniards that were born in the new world |
mestizos |
spanish and native american children |
Native americans |
slaves |
brought from the caribbean or africa |
Mexican revolution
the spanish rewrote the hierarchy of power |
put themselves at the top |
1535- vice royalty of new spain was created |
new political structure, made spanish king the basis of power in the americas |
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Mexican Revolution
1910-1920 |
partially caused by the treaty of tordesailles (1494) the treaty that gave the spanish control over all of the west except brazil |
25 million natives down to 1 million due to disease |
Early history
societies in the north american & canadian region tended to be smaller & less sophisticated then Mexico & south america |
this was due to the slowness of the northward spread of corn cultivation from Mexico |
non sustainable food source = less people |
lived in semi-permanent settlements in groups of around 300 people |
men made tools & hunted while women gathered plants & nuts & grew crops |
potential patricarchy, men dominated society |
Early history
cultures of the native americans were very diverse |
languages branched off to create more than 20 seperate language families |
New mexico & arizona |
lived in caves, under cliffs, & multistoreied buildings |
Pacific coast |
rich & diverse diet: hunting, fishing, gathering nuts, berries, & roots; carved totem poles to keep record of stories |
Great plains |
nomadic hunters & sedentary peoples, farmed & traded, lived in teepees: easily deconstruct-able for travel |
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Early history
first people to arrive in the americas arrived arpund 40,000 years ago |
migrated from Asia through the land bridge between Siberia and Alaska (is now under water) |
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Mayas |
built extensive cities in the rainforests of the Yucatan Peninsula |
Aztecs |
prospered several centuries after the Mayas, created a powerful empire in central Mexico |
Incas |
based in peru, developed an extensive empire in south america |
^^all civilizations created highly developed societies |
carried trade, and created calendars based on observation |
farmed to create a sustainable food supply |
European exploration
until the 1400's the continents had no knowledge of each other |
Columbus' voyage across the atlantic finally connected people |
the renaissance |
a rebirth in classical learning in the 15th-16th centuries |
^made Columbus' voyage possible^ |
innovations in technology included: |
gunpowder, sailing compass, printing press |
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Early exploration
early 1500s- chrisitans in germany, england, france, holland & other northern european countries revolted against the pope in rome |
known as the protestant reformation |
didnt think the pope should have supreme rule |
resulted in a series of religious wars |
catholics of different countries spread their versions of christianity to the people of africa, asia, & the americas |
Expanding trade
increased competition among european kingdoms for trade to africa, india, & china |
spurred exploration |
Portugals Prince henry the navigator opened a sea route around africa's cape of good hope |
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Exploration
spains expanding power was because of its explorers and conquistadores |
they found large deposits of silver in the new world, which were then shipped back to spain |
it made spain one of the richest and most powerful forces at the time |
spanish created the encomienda system |
king of spain gives grants of land & slaves to spaniards |
natives do hard labor -> |
benefits go to their spanish masters |
in turn the natives are "protected" by their owners |
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