Metric Conversions
micro |
0.000001 |
milli |
0.001 |
centi |
0.01 |
deci |
0.1 |
(base unit) |
1.0 |
deca |
10.0 |
hecto |
100.0 |
kilo |
1000.0 |
Mega |
1000000.0 |
Temperature Conversions
Fahrenheit to Celsius |
C=0.555(F-32) |
Celsius to Fahrenheit |
F=1.8C + 32 |
Celsius to Kelvin |
K=C + 273 |
Kelvin to Celsius |
C=K - 273 |
Fahrenheit to Kelvin |
K=0.555(F-32) + 273 |
Kelvin to Fahrenheit |
F=1.8(K-273) + 32 |
Unit Conversions
Mass |
Volume |
Distance |
1.0 kg = 2.205 lb |
1.0 L = 1.057 qt |
1.0 km = 0.6214 mi |
1.0 kg = 35.280 oz |
1.0 L = 0.2642 gal |
1.0 km = 3281.0 ft |
1.0 g = 0.0353 oz |
1.0 L = 61.0 in^3 |
1.0 mi = 1.609 km |
1.0 g = 0.0022 lb |
1.0mL=0.03381 floz |
1.0 m = 3.28 ft |
1.0 lb = 0.454 kg |
1.0 mL=0.061 in^3 |
1.0 m = 39.37 in |
1.0 lb = 453.51 g |
1.0 fl oz=29.58 mL |
1.0 ft = 30.48 cm |
1.0 oz = 28.34 g |
1.0 in^3=29.58 mL |
1.0 ft = 0.3048 m |
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1.0 ft^3=28.317 L |
1.0 in = 2.54 cm |
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1.0 ft^3=1.264 mol |
1.0 in = 0.0254 m |
Mole Conversions
Gram to Mole |
Mole=mass/FW |
Mole to Gram |
Mass=mol x FW |
Particle to Mole |
mole = particles/(6.022 x 1023 |
Mole to Particle |
part = mol x (6.022 x 1023) |
Misc. Conversions
1 amu = |
1.66054 x 10-24 g |
1 Joule = |
1 kg x m2 |
1 Cal = |
4.184 J |
1 GHz = |
1,000,000,000 Hz |
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Formula Types
Molecular Formula |
a chemical formula that indicates the actual # of each element in one molecule of a substance |
Empirical Formula |
a chemical formula that only shows the reacting substances in the smallest possible whole number ratios |
Structural Formula |
a chemical formula that shows all of the molecules and placements |
Solubility Rules
Soluble Compounds
1. All compounds of alkali metals group (IA) are soluble.
2. All salts containing NH4, NO3, ClO4, ClO3, and C2H3O2 are soluble.
3. All chlorides (Cl-), bromides (Br-), and iodides (I-) are soluble, except those of Ag+, Pb2+, and Hg2+
4. All sulfates (SO42-) are soluble, except those of Pb2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Hg 2+, and Ba2+
Insoluble Compounds
5. All hydroxides (OH-) and metal oxides (containing O2) are insoluble, except those of group IA and Ca2+, Sr2+, NH4+, and Ba2+. When metal oxides do dissolve, they give hydroxides.
6. All compounds that contain PO43-, CO32-, SO32-, and S2- are insoluble, except those of group IA and NH4 |
Chemical Reactions
Combination Reaction |
A + B = C |
Decomposition Reaction |
C = A + B |
Combustion Reaction |
ends in CO2 and H2O |
How to Write a Chemical Formula
1. Write the elemental symbols.
2. Determine the charges.
3. Determine the common multiple of the charges.
4. Balance equation. |
Acids and Bases
Acids |
ion acceptor |
Bases |
ion donater |
Strong Acids |
Strong Bases |
HCl, HBr... (H group) |
LiOH, NaOH... (OH group) |
Properties of Matter
Physical Properties: properties that can be observed without changing the identity.
Chemical Properties: describe how a substance may change or react to form other substances.
Intensive Properties: temperature and melting point
Extensive Properties: mass and volume |
States of Matter
Gas |
has no fixed volume or shape |
Liquid |
has a distinct volume not shape |
Solid |
has a definite volume and shape |
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Percent Formulas
% composition of element |
[(# of atoms x atomic weight)/FW] x 100 |
% error |
[(experimental - true)/true] x 100 |
% yield |
[(actual -theoretical)/theoretical] x 100 |
Basic Formulas
Area of a Circle |
3.14 x r2 |
Volume |
area x height |
Molarity |
(moles of a solute)/(volume of solution in L) |
Density |
mass/volume |
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Activity Series of Metals
Li |
Mg |
Co |
Bi |
Rb |
Al |
Ni |
Cu |
K |
Mn |
Sn |
Hg |
Ba |
Zn |
Pb |
Ag |
Sr |
Cr |
H2 |
Pt |
Ca |
Fe |
Sb |
Au |
Na |
Cd |
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