Cheatography
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RAM vs Cache MemoryRAM | Cache Memory | Fast read and write access | Faster read and write access | Volatile | Volatire | Used to store data and currently running programs | Used to store frequently used data | Necessary as most data is stored on slower storage media | Resides close to CPU |
Defragmentation of SSDsSSD uses direct access, so there woudl be no improvement in read times | May perform "trim" command which imrpoves speed of write operations | SSD uses NAND based flash memory. Defragmentation may shorten its lifespan. |
FTP vs UDPFTP | UDP | Breaks data into packets | Breaks data into packets | Can re-send dropped or damaged packets | Does not re-send dropped or damaged packets | Packets can be re-assembled if they arrive out of order | | FTP not useful for streaming media, as receiving new packets is more important than receiving old ones | UDP useful for streaming media, as receiving new packets is more useful than receiving old ones |
Floating Point vs IntegerInteger | Floating Point | Numbers are stored accurately | Non-integers can be stored | Requires less complex processing | Greater range of numbers can be stored | Allows for exact representation of 0 | | Takes up less storage space | |
| | Von Neumann ArchitectureClock Manages Fetch/Decode/Execute cycle | ALU Processes data involving arithmetic and logical operations | Registers A small/fast/temporary storage addressed by mechanisms other than main memory | Buses Connects all internal components of a computer | Cache Memory Fast, easily accessed memory close to the CPU. |
Star NetworkIf one cable breaks, network will still operate. | Faults are easy to detect. | Data has to pass through hub, so it is very secure. | Easy to add new stations. |
HandshakingExchange of signals between devices to establish readiness to communicate | Example: Establishing a printer's readiness to print |
Packet SwitchingData split into packets | Each packet can be transmitted on different routes | Packets may arrive out of order | More secure than circuit switching | Makes more efficient use of data lines | Contains source address, order number of packet and parity bit. |
| | Storage DevicesExternal HDD Fast data transfer
Cost-effective cost per unit of storage
Portable and can be stored securely | Third party storage provider Fast transfer(depending on network speed)
Could be more expensive than HDD due to company fees
Data is stored securely | Flash memory drive Very fast access
Cost effective cost per unit of storage
Very portable | Magnetic tape Can have very slow access speed
Allows for very large amounts of storage |
Network ProtocolsHTTP Transferring multimedia web pages over the Internet | DHCP Assigning dynamic IP addresses to devices on a network. |
Data TransmissionSimplex In one direction only | Half-Duplex In both directions, but not simultaneously | Duplex In both directions simultaneously |
Overflow AreasPhysical location of a piece of data is calculated using a hashing algorithm | Calculation is carried out on the primary key | Data collision occurs when two items are hashed to the same location | In this case, the data is sent to the overflow area. | When there are many hash collisions, access to the overflow area may be slow | A new hashing algorithm is required and a larger file may be needed. |
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