Adolescence
Chr:
- Transition to and preparation for adulthood
- A stage of knowing who we are, shoulder responsibilities, gain autonomy slowly
- Restless, conflict>a process of finding self-identity
- Seeking social approval, succumb to peer pressure |
Physical development
poor phy health |
Poor nutrition; Lack of exercise; Inadequate sleep. Accidents–mostly automobiles. Exp. w substances, Substance abuses due to addiction, or they develop Tolerance and need higher dose to feel the effect. |
poor mental health |
suicide, depression, self-esteem and self-image. ED-aneroxia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge-purge, soceital pressure, girls, puberty variations. |
Variations in phy dev |
indiv. factors influencing rate and timing of puberty. Non-normative puberty psych impacts. |
early dev |
BOYS. early - positive self-image, responsibility, confidence, leadership-social stat, satisfaction, as treated as adult sooner. -ve involvement with peers > bhv outcomes. GIRLS. early -sexual precocity enhances opposite-sex popularity.premature dating> sexual exp with older males. W/O cog+emo maturity> expose to STI and teenage preg. ED, underage subst. abuse, dep & anX. |
late dev |
BOYS. Low self-esteem, social rejectn. Assertive, insight, less peer pressure. GIRLS. lower peer status. +ve: gr8 body esteem more like the beauty standrd. |
-ve bhv outcomes can be avoided with age-appropriate social groups, strong family ties and religious values
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COG DEV
Piaget: formal operational thought |
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12-15 y. mental manipulations of mental manipulations using internal representations. |
Combinatorial |
Hypodeductive: hypothetico-deductive reasoning |
all other variables constant, only one variable changes outcomes. |
Classic pendulum problem, weights and string. |
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Propositional Reasoning: |
Infer, premise and concl true. |
variations |
horizontal de ́calage. sequential acquisition. conserve volume before weight. dep on indiv. |
MORAL DEV
Moral Reasoning |
justificatn for for decision |
changes in moral or ethical behaviour, and changing feelings about moral matters |
Elkind's Egocentrism ( Build upon Piaget.) |
asolescent egocentrism |
imaginary audience describes teenagers’ preoccupation with the reactions of others. new-found perspective-taking ability, often fail to differentiate between how they feel about themselves and how others feel about them, confusing the two points of view. Personal fable is a notion that the adolescent’s own life embodies a special story that is both heroic and completely unique |
Kohlberg's MD ( Build upon Piaget.) |
‘Heinz scenario’, must choose between disobeying the law and stealing a life-saving drug from a chemist who has impossibly overpriced it, and keeping within the law and allowing his wife to die. preconventional, conventional, postconventional |
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