STYLEDo not use contractions | Use passive forms whenever possible | Use relative clauses to join ideas: The period during which he lived was full of uncertainty | Use these formal words: like such as / kids children | a lot (of) many / a large number of + countable noun
| a lot (of) much / a great amount of / a great deal of + uncountable
| a lot (intensity) very much / significantly / dramatically
| Avoid using the word things / something, etc. Use a more specific word (problems, situation, solutions, subjects, and so on) | Never omit the subject pronoun: Many people | Do not use unnecessary subject pronouns: This is a problem which it is essential to solve | Make sure the subject and the verb agree: Attracting tourists involves improving local facilities
(SINGULAR SUBJECT attracting tourists + SINGULAR VERB involves) | Generally speaking
Annoyingly,… Naturally,… Strangely,… Surprisingly,… Evidently,… Indeed,… In fact,… Admittedly,… Presumably,… |
Evaluating ideas - Dismissing contrary arguments | | I think it is true that... | I totally disagree with the point that... | I totally agree with the point that... | It is questionable whether .... | I am sure whether.... | It is true that....On the other hand, .... | Although it is true that...., we must remember that.... | I agree that.... However, ... | It could be argued that....However, I would like to point out that.... | Notwithstanding the claim that..., I would argue that.... | It may be true that...., but all too often... | In no way can I agree that... | Surely it is completely unacceptable that.... | In no way can I agree that... |
| | Making an argument in writingI will discuss two possible approaches to this issue | I will discuss two advantages / priorities | The first option to consider | The first idea is to | A second alternative / tactic | Compared to | Lead to | I would argue that | Not only... also | In addition | To sum up | In my view / Overall | First of all / To begin with / In the first place | Firstly... Secondly.... Finally | It is also important to note that | In light of the results above | Regarding _____ / According to my survey | In terms of ____ / As for ____ | Another example of .... is | I have come to the conclusion that | My final point is that | One possible solution is | What is more / Moreover | A further point is | I would like to make the following recommendations | This proposal is intended to |
| | FORMAL WRITING (Reports and proposals)Introduction | Generalising | The main purpose/aim of (this report) is to outline/ | On the whole,… | present / discuss / examine / evaluate… | This report (outlines/looks at)… | This report is based on… |
Making recommendations and concludingIt is clear from customer feedback that… | In light of the above, we believe the followingmeasures should be adopted… | With regard to…, the general view seems to be… | In the light of (this year’s experience),… | In the short/long term, we suggest you should | Perhaps the most effective way of… | consider… | If the (centre) is to attract more customers, it is | My recommendations are as follows:… | vital that… | In my view, in future, we should… | It would be a good idea to… | To improve the situation, we recommend… | It is (therefore) believed / obvious that…would be | It is recommended that… | Ideal for… | To sum up,…To conclude,… | It would (not) be advisable / practical to… | I hope that the plan outlined/presented in this | We suggest/propose that… | Report meets with your approval… | We suggest/propose + ing | I hope that the recommendations outlined/ presented in this report will receive your serious consideration |
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