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ASTHMAChronic inflammatory disorder of the airways resulting in intermittent and reversible airflow obstruction of the bronchioles |
CONTRIBUTING FACTORSExtrinsic: | Intrinsic: | Older adult clients: | Antigen-antibody reaction triggered by food, meds, or inhaled substances | Pathophysiological abnormalities within the respiratory tract | Beta receptors are less responsive to agonist and trigger bronchospasm |
MANIFESTATIONSSudden, severe dyspnea w/ use of accessory muscles | Sitting up, leaning forward | Diaphoresis | Anxiety | Wheezing | Gasping | Coughing | Cyanosis (late sign) | Barrel chest |
DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURESABGs | Sputum cultures | Pulmonary function tests |
| | MEDICATIONSBRONCHODILATORS: | Short-acting inhaled: albuterol for rapid relief | Methylxanthines: theophylline | ANTI-INFLAMMATORY: | Corticosteroids: fluticasone and prednisone | Leukotriene antagonists: montelukast | COMBINATION AGENTS: | Ipratropium and albuterol | Fluticasone and salmeterol |
With inhaled agents, administer bronchodilators BEFORE anti-inflammatory med
NURSING INTERVENTIONSRemain w/ pt during attack | Position pt in high-Fowler's | Monitor lung sounds & pulse oximetry | Administer oxygen therapy | Maintain IV access | Therapeutic measures: respiratory treatments, oxygen administration |
CLIENT EDUCATIONAvoid allergens & triggers | Properly use inhaler and peak flow monitoring |
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