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ASTHMA
Chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways resulting in intermittent and reversible airflow obstruction of the bronchioles |
CONTRIBUTING FACTORS
Extrinsic: |
Intrinsic: |
Older adult clients: |
Antigen-antibody reaction triggered by food, meds, or inhaled substances |
Pathophysiological abnormalities within the respiratory tract |
Beta receptors are less responsive to agonist and trigger bronchospasm |
MANIFESTATIONS
Sudden, severe dyspnea w/ use of accessory muscles |
Sitting up, leaning forward |
Diaphoresis |
Anxiety |
Wheezing |
Gasping |
Coughing |
Cyanosis (late sign) |
Barrel chest |
DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES
ABGs |
Sputum cultures |
Pulmonary function tests |
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MEDICATIONS
BRONCHODILATORS: |
Short-acting inhaled: albuterol for rapid relief |
Methylxanthines: theophylline |
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY: |
Corticosteroids: fluticasone and prednisone |
Leukotriene antagonists: montelukast |
COMBINATION AGENTS: |
Ipratropium and albuterol |
Fluticasone and salmeterol |
With inhaled agents, administer bronchodilators BEFORE anti-inflammatory med
NURSING INTERVENTIONS
Remain w/ pt during attack |
Position pt in high-Fowler's |
Monitor lung sounds & pulse oximetry |
Administer oxygen therapy |
Maintain IV access |
Therapeutic measures: respiratory treatments, oxygen administration |
CLIENT EDUCATION
Avoid allergens & triggers |
Properly use inhaler and peak flow monitoring |
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