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Economics 1.3-1.6 Cheat Sheet by

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Opport­unity Cost

The loss of other potential benefits when undert­aking a specific business decision.

Example

Paulastan is at an absolute advantage for both cars and planes since it can produce a larger quantity of both.
Jacobland is at a compar­ative advantage for producing cars because they give up only 1/3 of a plane per car, whereas Paulastan gives up 1 whole plane per car.

Law of Demand

Price goes down, quantity demanded increases. Price goes up, quantity demanded decreases.

Why is the demand curve downward sloping?

Subsit­ution Effect
Income Effect
Law of Dimini­sihing Marginal Utility
Changes in price motivate consumers to buy cheaper substitute products.
When price goes down, people buy more of a product because their purchasing power has increased; vice versa.
As you continue to consume a given product, you will have less satisf­action the more you have.

Why is the demand curve downward sloping?

Subsit­ution Effect
Income Effect
Law of Dimini­sihing Marginal Utility
Changes in price motivate consumers to buy cheaper substitute products.
When price goes down, people buy more of a product because their purchasing power has increased; vice versa.
As you continue to consume a given product, you will have less satisf­action the more you have.
 

Demand Curve Decrease = Left

5 Shifters of Demand

1. Tastes­/Pr­efe­rences
2. Number of Consumers
3. Price of Related Goods
4. Income
5. Expect­ations

Change in Demand = Rightward Shift

Change in Quantity Demanded = Downward

Law of Supply

There is a direct relati­onship between price and quantity supplied, so if price goes up for milk, quantity produced will increase.

5 Shifters of Supply

1. Price of Resources
2. Number of Producers
3. Technolog
4. Taxes and Subsidies
5. Expect­ations

Mnemonic

Supply goes to the sky, demand to the dirt.

Equili­brium

 

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