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prof nursing Cheat Sheet (DRAFT) by

cheat sheet for NURS 1110 course

This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.

defini­tions of culture

Leininger defines culture- "­culture refers to the learned values, beliefs, norms and way of life that influence an indivi­dual's thinking, decisions and actions in certain ways."
the CNA defines culture "as shared patterns of learned values and behaviours that are transm­itted over time and that distin­gguish the members of one group from anothe­r."

The 5 strate­gie­s/a­ction areas (WHO, 1986)

Building healthy public policy
Creating supportive enviro­nments
Streng­thening community action
Reorie­nting health services
Developing personal skills

Leinin­ger's Three (3) Modes of Action

culture care preser­vat­ion­/ma­int­enance
culture care accomm­oda­tio­n/n­ego­tiation
culture care repatt­ern­ing­/re­str­uct­uring

Indigenous Peoples

Canada's Consti­tution Act (CCA) recognizes 3 Indigenous peoples- First Nation, Metis and Inuit
There are many sub-gr­oups, each one has their own culture and practices.

CNO QA steps

reflect current practice
learning needs
learning plan

CNOs Quality Assurance Program

encourages nurses to contin­uously improve their practice
increase confidence in nurses
improve practice develo­pment

CNOs mission

protect public’s right to quality nursing services by providing leadership to nursing profession in self-r­egu­lation

provides legal frame work for nursing

the nursing act 1991
defines nursing scope of practice
regulated health profes­sions act 1991
RHPA
PRIVACY LEGISL­ATION
Personal Health Inform­ation Protection Act (PHIPA) 
The Freedom of Inform­ation and Protection of Privacy Act (FIPPA)

clinical questions PICOT

P
patient
I
interv­ention
C
comparison
O
outcome
T
time

change­-of­-shift reports

At the end of each shift to provide all necessary inform­ation to oncoming nurse and transfer of care
should include:
 
background info
 
assessment
 
diagnostic statement
 
teaching plan
 
treatments
 
family info
 
discharge plan
 
priority needs

quality docume­nting and reporting

correct errors
no docume­nting retali­atory or critical comments
record all facts
document as soon as possible after events occur
if ordered questioned document for clarif­ication
only document your findings
no general phrases
begin entry w/ date and end w/ signature and creden­tials
no pre-ch­arting
protect security and privacy

non verbal SOLER acronym

S
sit facing the patient; includes personal + cultural space consid­eration
O
keep an open posture with arms and legs uncrossed
L
lean in toward the client / patient to express interest. Your unspoken message is that you are involved.
E
establish and maintain eye contact
R
RELAX. It is important that you convey a sense of being relaxed and comfor­table with the client. Restle­ssness conveys a lack of interest.

levels of commun­ication

intrap­ersonal
inner thought
interp­ersonal
one on one convo
transp­ersonal
transa­ction with persons spiritual domain
small-­group
small number of people convo
public
commun­icating to audience

Population Health Approach

Defini­tion: The entire range of known individual and collective factors and conditions that determine population health status and the intera­ction among them are taken into account in planning action to improve health (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2013).
 

charac­ter­istics of culture:

learned, taught, social, adaptive, shared, difficult to articu­late, visible and invisible

definition of health

World Health Organi­zation (WHO) Definition of Health
"A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (1947)."
World Health Organi­zation (WHO) Updated Definition of Health (1984)
"A dynamic process whereby the indivi­dual, family or community is able to realize aspira­tions, satisfy needs & change or cope with the enviro­nment. Health is a resource for everyday life. It is a positive concept emphas­izing social & personal resources as well as physical capacity (WHO, 1984)."­

Leinin­ger’s Sunrise Theore­tical Model

Indigenous Population Key Terms

Coloni­alism
obtaining full political control over another community (british settlers colonizing Indigenous peoples in Canada)
Residental Schools
Schools used to colonize Indigenous peoples further by taking their children and trying to take their culture away.
Truth and Reconc­ili­ation
when Indigenous rights started to be asserted in 1960s. (sept. 30 is national day for truth and reconc­ili­ation)
Structural Racism
racism fixing its way into society

levels of prevention

primary prevention
protection of specific diseases given to healthy indivi­duals
secondary prevention
detection of health problems to limit future disabi­lities
tertiary prevention
after illness rehabi­lit­ation

levels of prevention

primary prevention
protection of specific diseases given to healthy indivi­duals
secondary prevention
detection of health problems to limit future disabi­lities
tertiary prevention
after illness rehabi­lit­ation

PIE recording

P
problem
I
interv­ention
E
evaluation

I-SBAR+R

I
identi­fic­ation
S
situation
B
background
A
assessment
R
recomm­end­ation
+R
repeat back

Specific Critical Thinking Compet­encies

Diagnostic reasoning
assessing data and analysis to disgnose patient
Clinical inference
drawing conclu­sions from evidence
Clinical reasoning
think about patients issues and making inferences and deciding course of action
Clinical decision making
defininf patients problems and picking approp­riate interv­entions
Clinical judgement
looking at important aspects of situation find meaning and respond

what should be documented

assessment of health
goals for care
care plan and/ or actions taken
evaluate strategies and client outcomes
the date of the entry and signature

forgotten or late entries

add for accuracy
use next available space
original remain visible
include date/time of event or late entry
never change other docume­ntation
notify others of change
 

RHPA

An umbrella regulation for health profes­sions, including nursing. 
The RHPA was developed to better protec­t and serve the public by:
.
increasing openness and respon­siv­eness of health care system 
.
providing a regulatory system that allows consumers greater freedom to choose their health care providers
.
promoting greater public partic­ipation in regulation of health care profes­sions

Indigenous Nursing Care Implic­ations

establish a nurse-­patient relati­onship to build trust with patient and family
show respect to patient and family and their community
Indigenous commun­ities are vulnerable popula­tions so it is important to work cooper­atively and in balance with their ways of knowing and to always be informed.

Cultural Competence

the meaning of cultural compet­ence: to understand how cultures differ from each other and how to honour them.
steps to be culturally sensitive:
requires knowledge of the ways of different cultures and ways of commun­ica­ting.
step 1:be self-aware of your own culture
being culturally competent starts with self-a­war­eness and self-r­efl­ection
step 2: understand how to assess a clients cultural identity and how it may effect to clients perception of their health and their health care providers

Achieving Health for All The Epp Report

Invest in our children
Improve health of Aborig­inals
Improve health of Canada’s young people
Renew our health services
Help all Canadians obtain solid education literacy skills and good income

approaches to health

medical model
medical pathway to restore health
behavi­oural model
improve health through individual and behaviours
socioe­nvi­ron­mental model
health through social structures (ex. poverty, unhealthy enviro­nments,

subjective vs objective data

subjective
statements and feedback from client
 
direct quotes, if apicable
objective
measured data
 
facts
 
nurse actions, clients response
 
data to support conclusion

subjective vs objective data

subjective
statements and feedback from client
 
direct quotes, if apicable
objective
measured data
 
facts
 
nurse actions, clients response
 
data to support conclusion

reasoning

inductive reasoning
observ­ations to conclu­sions (specific to general)
deductive reasoning
conclusion to observ­ation (general to specific)

Legal Liability Issues in Nursing

Consent
patient must be consious and volunt­arily give consent
Informed Consent
agreement to allow medical attention with knowing what will happen
Implied Consent
inferred based on actions and knowlege

SOAPIE recording

S
subjec­tive- verbal­ization of the client
O
objective- measured and observed
A
assess­ment- nursing diagnostic statement based on data
P
plan- what the caregiver plans to do
I
interv­ent­ion­-what was done
E
evalua­tion- effect­iveness

Basic Elements of the Commun­ication Process

Referent
motivates convo
Sender and receiver
encoder and decoder
Message
content of convo
Channels
conveying and receiving
Feedback
renturning message
Interp­ersonal variable
factors influe­ncing convo
Enviro­nment
setting of intera­ctions