Context
Follows collapse of major classical civilizations |
Basically Mongols and Muslims |
Major Empires
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Imperial China Experiences golden age with the Sui dynasty, then it was the Tang and finally the Mongols
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Byzantine Empire Eastern half of the Roman Empire, capital in Constantinople under emperor Justinian
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Islamic Caliphates Established by Muhammad, leads in trade, astronomy, mathematics, science, philosophy, etc.
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Mongol Empire More egalitarian nomadic gorup that established an empire
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Expansion of Communication/Exchange Networks
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Concentrations of wealth and intensification of cultural exchanges |
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Transportation, state policies, and mercantile practices increased expansion |
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Pastoral and nomadic groups played a big role in creating and sustaining transportation networks |
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Improved transportation technologies and commercial practices led to an increased volume of trade, and expanded the geographical range of existing and newly active trade networks |
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Major trade routes to know Indian Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, Silk Road, and Trans Saharan
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Trade of luxury goods encouraged by innovations silk and cotton textiles, porcelain, spices, precious metals and gems, slaves, exotic animals
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Innovations and technologies include: caravanserai, compass use, the astrolabe, larger ship designs in sea travel
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Trade facilitated by laws Inca Road System, Hanseatic League, Grand Canal
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New Technological Agricultural Innovations
Mesoamerica |
Chinampas |
Floating gardens |
Andean Region |
Waru Waru |
limited erosion improved irrigation |
Most of the planet (specifically in China) |
Terracing |
create arable land in mountains |
Afro-Eurasia |
Horse Collar |
help plow fields |
Medieval Europe |
Three Field |
crop rotation |
Most of the planet |
Swamp Drain |
increase land and reduce disease spreading mosquitos |
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