Composition of the Sun
spectrogram |
device used to break sun's light into spectrum |
dark lines |
gases in outer layers absorb wavelengths of light |
temperature = which gases produce visible lines |
temperature, density, pressure |
the sun |
75% hydrogen |
Nuclear Fusion |
Magnetism
The sun is gas, so magnetic field becomes twisted like rubber bands |
If it is wound too fast, they burst |
2 sun spots (N&S pole of magnet) |
When 2 spots merge into 1, solar flare sends charged particles toward Earth |
Solar wind arrives in 20 hours disrupting satellites and creating auroras |
sunspots have an 11 year cycle |
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Sun's Energy
Nuclear Fusion |
the proton cycle |
2 groups of 3 protons |
collisions result in 2 molecules of He3 |
He4 is less dense than the 4 protons |
E=MC2 |
400 million tons per second * 90,000,000,000 |
sun burns all energy ever used on Earth every second |
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Sun Facts
the sun is the size of an average star |
the sun is 332,000 times larger than the sun |
74% hydrogen |
25% helium |
core temperature: 15,000,000K |
surface temp: 5,800K |
Burns hydrogen at 400 million tons/second |
At 5 billion years, the sun is at half-life |
The Layers of the Sun
inner core 15,000,000C |
Hydrogen and Helium (no electrons) nuclear fusion` |
radioative 2,000,000 -7,000,000C |
H & He (no elecctrons) energy dispense |
convective 2,000,000C |
H & He (stable w/ electron) energy absorbed |
Photosphere 6,000C |
less dense, energy shoots out as photons of light when electrons go in an energy level |
Chromosphere 4,000 - 50,000C |
Atmosphere of the sun (6,000 C - 20,000 C) |
Corona >1,000,000 C |
The outer most layer, heats up to 1,000,000 C |
Sunspots 3,800C |
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