Cheatography
https://cheatography.com
This is what I learned from the first semester of Earth Science
This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.
Relative Age Dating
Principle of Superposition: comparison of dates |
Principle of Lateral Continuity all rock formations thin out at the ends to have a lenticular shape |
Relative Age:Uncomformities
Non-comformity |
the boundary between igneous/metamorphic and sedimentary |
Angular |
part of the formation is tilted but it is covered by a flat deposit |
discomformity |
there is a gap in time between sedimentary layers |
There are three types of unconformities that you can observe in rock formations
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Minerals vs Non-Minerals
Is it inorganic? |
inorganic: not made of living things or the remains of living things |
Does it occur naturally |
naturally: forms and exists in nature |
Is it a Crystalline Solid |
A crystalline solid is whe its atoms are arranged inan orderly way |
Consistent chem. comp. |
for each atom of this, there are atom of this |
If yes to all 4 questions, it is a mineral. Otherwise, it is not a mineral.
Silicates and Non-Silicates
Silicates |
Silicone + Oxygen + fledspar, potassium, or sodium is a silicate |
Feldspar is the most common case of silicates |
96% of the Earth's crust is composed of Silicates |
50% of the silicates are Feldspar and quartz |
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Non-silicates |
non-silicates are basically the rest of the minerals that are not silicates |
They make up the rest 4% of the Earth's crust |
They are split into 6 groups |
Carbonates |
CO 3 |
Halides |
Cl or F + Na,K, or Ca |
Native elements |
uncombined |
Oxides |
O + anything but Si |
Sulfates |
SO 4 |
Sulfides |
S + I + anything else |
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Earthquakes
How earthquakes start: |
stress builds up at fault to the point where it is locked when pressure gets too great, the rocks slip and create the earthquake |
Elastic rebound |
like a slinky, it deforms then settles back to its original spot |
Seismic Waves |
Body Wave |
travels through the middle of the bodies |
P-waves |
can go through solids, liquids, and gases and faster than S-waves |
S-waves |
can only go through solids and slower than P-waves |
Surface Wave |
travels along the surface of the body |
Rayleigh Waves |
elliptical rolling motions |
Love Waves |
side-to-side |
Shadow zones |
Parts of the Earth where body waves can't reach |
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