Relative Risk (RR)
It measures the ratio of risk of outcome in exposed group to the risk in the unexposed group. Study type Cohort or Observational studies Formula [A/(A+B)]/ [C/(C+D)] Interpretation The risk of the outcome is X times higher/lower in those exposed than the risk in those unexposed. Example RR= 1.5 Unvaccinated children were 1.5 times more likely to develop chickenpox than children who were vaccinated |
Odds Ratio (OR)Compares odds of an outcome in exposed vs unexposed group. Study type Case-Control Formula (A x D)/ (B x C) Interpretation The odds of the outcome in those exposed is X times the odds in those unexposed. Example OR =2.5 The odds of hypertension among adults who consume a lot of salt is 2.5 times the odds of hypertension among those who do not take in salt. |
P-ValueIt is the probability that the observed test statistic would have occurred due to chance if, truly, the null hypothesis were true. Typically set to an alpha of 0.05. p-value <0.05: statistically significant (the estimate was less likely obtained by chance alone). Reject the null hypothesis. p-value >/= 0.05: statistically significant (high likelihood of obtaining that estimate by chance). Fail to reject the null hypothesis. P-value
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Quantitative Methods Cheat Sheet by ellaBem
Relative Risks, Odds Ratios and Hypothesis Testing
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