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1. The process of Volcano Eruption 2. The layers of our earth 3. Difference of Magma and Lava 4. Give 2 examples of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks 5. The difference of each type weathering 6. One example of Word equation reaction of in chemical reaction 7. How the rock cycle formed? Explain with the type of rocks, the name of each process 8. The function of ROCKS 9. The function of Seismograph

The Process of Volcano Eruption

Magma Formation: Heat from the Earth's mantle melts rock, forming magma beneath the crust.
Magma Rise: Because magma is less dense than surrou­nding rock, it rises through cracks and magma chambers toward the surface.
Pressure Build-up: Gases dissolved in the magma (like water vapor, CO₂) build up pressure inside the magma chamber.
Fracturing of Rock: Increased pressure causes cracks and fractures in the Earth’s crust, creating pathways for magma to move upward.
Eruption: Magma, along with gases and ash, is forcefully expelled through a volcanic vent, resulting in an eruption.

Weathering

Physical ->T­emp­era­ture, weather, freeze­-thaw action
Chemical -> Acids, Acid Rain
Biological -> Buildings, defore­staion
Example of Chemical Reaction: Sulfuric Rain + Calcium Carbonate -> Calcium Sulfate + Water + Carbon Dioxide

Rocks Cycle

Magma cools and solidifies → forms Igneous rock
Igneous rock breaks down into sediments through weathering and erosion → sediments get compacted
Sedime­ntary rock is subjected to heat and pressure deep underg­round
Metamo­rphic rock melts into magma
Igneous → Sedime­ntary → Metamo­rphic → Magma → Igneous, and so on, through processes like cooling, weathe­ring, compac­tion, heat & pressure, and melting.
  

The Layers of Earth

Magma VS Lava

Magma is molten rock that is still beneath the Earth's surface.
Lava is molten rock that has reached the Earth's surface during a volcanic eruption.
Magma contains gases, crystals, and dissolved minerals.
Some gases escape when it becomes lava.

Types of Rocks

Igneous -> Formed from cooling and solidi­fic­ation of magma or lava. Ex: Basalt, Granite.
Sedime­ntary -> Formed from layers of sediments that are compacted and cemented over time. Ex: Limestone, Sandstone.
Metamo­rphic -> Formed when existing rocks are changed by heat and pressure. Ex: Marble, Gneiss.

Functions of Rocks

Build Earth's Crust
Provide Natural Recources
Support Plant Life
Constr­uctions
Record Earth's History (Fossil)

Functions of Seismo­graph

Detects ground vibrations caused by earthq­uakes or other seismic activi­ties.
Measures the strength (magni­tude) of an earthq­uake.
Records the duration and timing of seismic waves.
Helps determine the earthq­uake’s epicenter (location on Earth's surface directly above the origin).
Assists in early warning systems to reduce damage and save lives.
               
 

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  • Published: 2nd June, 2025

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