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Respiration (Biology 8th Grade) Cheat Sheet by

1. Definitions 2. Backgrounds 3. Aerobic & Anaerobic Respiration 4. Gas Exchange 5. Lungs Adaptations 6. Smoking 7. Exercising 8. Epidemiological Studies

Defini­tions

Breathing -> Process of taking oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide
Respir­ation -> Process of using oxygen to release glucose
Ventil­ation -> Movement of air into and out of the lungs
Scientific Inquiry -> Process of testing ideas and making hypothesis

Aerobic & Anaerobic

Aerobic -> Bioche­mical process that uses oxygen to convert glucose into energy, producing carbon dioxide & water as byproducts
Anaerobic -> Occured in exerci­sing, enabling muscles to generate energy
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36ATP
C6H12O6 -> 2C3H6O3 + 2ATP
Oxygen + Glucose -> Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy
Glucose -> Lactic Acid + Some Energy
- Aerobic requires oxygen and produces more energy & non-toxic byproducts (CO2 & Water)
- Anaerobic results in lactic acid and less energy

Exercising

Sports training streng­thens the muscles involved in breathing, allowing the lungs to expand more effici­ently.
The lungs can become larger with regular training, enabling more air (and thus more oxygen) to be taken in during each breath.
With stronger respir­atory muscles and larger lungs, more oxygen can enter the bloods­tream during respir­ation.
Training increases the number of capill­aries in the lungs, which improves the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the lungs and blood.
Fitter indivi­duals return to their normal breathing rate more quickly after exercise, showing more efficient respir­atory response.
 

The Process of Muscles in Breathing

Inhalation -> The diaphragm contracts and moves downward while the interc­ostal muscles between the ribs contract, lifting the rib cage up and outward. This increases the volume of the thoracic cavity and decreases the air pressure inside the lungs, allowing air to flow in.
Exhalation -> The diaphragm relaxes and moves upward, and the interc­ostal muscles relax, letting the rib cage move down and in. This decreases the volume of the thoracic cavity, increases the pressure in the lungs, and pushes air out.

Functions in Respir­ation System

Pattern: Nose -> Trachea (Windpipe) ->B­ronchus -> Lungs -> Bronch­ioles -> Alveolus
Nose -> Filters, warms, and moistens the air before it enters the respir­atory system.
Trachea -> Serves as the main airway that carries air to and from the lungs.
Bronchus -> Directs air into each lung.
Lungs -> Main organs of respir­ation where gas exchange takes place.
Bronch­ioles -> Small air passages that distribute air evenly within the lungs.
Alveolus -> Tiny air sac where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the lungs and blood.
Mucus -> Traps dust, pathogens, and other particles to protect the respir­atory tract.
Cilia -> Tiny hair-like structures that move mucus and trapped particles out of the respir­atory system.
Capillary Wall -> Allow the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and alveoli.

Range & Mean

Range -> Highest to Lowest
Mean = (Sum of all values) ÷ (Number of values)
 

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