This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.
Conducting Research
A research hypothesis is an idea or conjecture you can test. They are specific, testable, predictions about what will happen under a given set of circumstances. |
A theory tends to be more general, and tends to be the result of many tested hypotheses pointing toward the same general way of thinking or to the same conclusion. |
Exposure (X) - What are we changing? |
Outcome (Y) - What are we interested in studying? |
Population of Interest (P) - Who is our target audience? |
Parameter - Population, Statistic - Sample |
Possible Reasons for Association - Random Sampling Variability, Confounding, Information Bias, Selection Bias, Causal Relationship |
How do we measure X and Y?
Prevalence and Incidence
Prevalence= (number of existing cases)/(total number in population) |
Cumulative Incidence=(number of new cases)/(total population at risk over a specified period of time) |
|
|
Scales of Measurement
Continuous Data - unlimited number of distinct values (age, weight, height) |
Binary Data - Two Groups |
Ordinal Data - "many" groups with an inherent ordering from smallest to largest |
Nominal Data - "many" groups with NO inherent ordering |
|
|
|
|
|
